長沙市鄉(xiāng)村聚落的形態(tài)特征及地域類型劃分

朱蘇暉 譚雪蘭 朱紅梅

摘要：通過對2013年長沙市的遙感影像數據進行探索性空間分析和空間韻律測算，分析了長沙市鄉(xiāng)村聚落的空間分布、規(guī)模分異和形態(tài)格局特征，并劃分了長沙市124個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)形態(tài)的地域類型。然后通過構建鄉(xiāng)村聚落的形態(tài)指標體系，選取6種指標，采用SPSS.17軟件的快速聚類的方法，將長沙市各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)分為7個地域類型。結果顯示，在空間分布上，長沙市鄉(xiāng)村聚落集聚密度值由中西部地區(qū)向東呈遞減式分布。在規(guī)模分異上，長沙市鄉(xiāng)村聚落呈數量多規(guī)模小且差距不大的特征;規(guī)模的分布上具有高值集聚隨機分布特征，并且主要分布在瀏陽市西部地區(qū)和寧鄉(xiāng)縣少數地區(qū)。在形態(tài)格局上，通過對長沙市東西南北中5條樣帶的指標測算，發(fā)現長沙中部地區(qū)的聚落復雜程度高于長沙西部和東部，長沙北部總體低于長沙南部，長沙東部和北部的鄉(xiāng)村聚落連接穩(wěn)定性優(yōu)于其他地區(qū)，長沙東部和南部的鄉(xiāng)村聚落的差異性同與其相比較的樣帶聚落而言都要大，長沙中部和北部的鄉(xiāng)村聚落分散指數值較高。

關鍵詞：鄉(xiāng)村聚落;形態(tài)特征;地域類型;長沙市

中圖分類號：P208;K901.8 ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼：A ? ? ? ?文章編號：0439-8114（2015）23-6085-07

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.073

Morphological Characteristics and Regional Types of Rural Settlements in Changsha

ZHU Su-hui，TAN Xue-lan，ZHU Hong-mei

（College of Resources and Environment， Hunan Agruiculture University， Changsha 410128， China）

Abstract： Based on exploratory spatial analysis and spatial rhythm calculation of Remote Sensing Image Data of Changsha in 2013， the morphological characteristics of rural settlements in changsha was analyzed， and the changsha regional types in the form of 124 villages and towns were divided. Finally the city was divided into 7 regional types by constructing the index system of rural settlements， selecting 6 kinds of indexes， and using the method of fast clustering in spss.17. According to the study， it can be found that： in the spatial distribution of rural settlements in Changsha， its rural settlement cluster density decreasing distributed from the central and western regions to the East .In terms of scale， the characteristics of rural settlements in changsha are： large quantity， small scale and little difference. The rural settlement had a high value on the distribution of concentration of random distribution characteristics， and was mainly distributed in the west area of Liuyang and minority areas of Ningxiang county. In the pattern， through the calculation of the index of five transects of Changsha city， it is found the settlement situation in the central area of Changsha was more complex than the western and eastern， and the northern was less complex than the southern; the connection stability of rural settlement in the eastern and northern was better than other areas; the differences of rural settlement in the eastern and southern were larger than other transects; the fragmentation degree of rural settlements in the central and north Changsha was high.

Key words： rural settlement; morphological character; regional types; Changsha city

聚落就是人類為了獲取物資生活資料，各單個個體相互聚集成一個具有一定內部關系的群體。鄉(xiāng)村聚落亦被稱為農村居民點，是一定規(guī)模與從事農業(yè)生產密切相關的人群，在一定區(qū)域范圍內集中居住的現象與形態(tài)。農村聚居模式是指一定范圍內鄉(xiāng)村居民與賴以生存的自然、經濟因素以及社會文化環(huán)境相互作用的結果[1]。……