社區居民對旅游生態補償的感知研究

楊主泉 張志明 王麗娜

摘要：以旅游發展典型縣域陽朔縣為例，立足于旅游地社區居民對旅游生態補償的感知視角，采用問卷調研方法進行數據收集并利用SPSS19.0統計軟件進行數據分析處理。結果表明，居民對旅游負面影響中的物價上漲、交通擁堵、生態環境破壞、水質污染感知強烈，而正面影響主要集中在改善生活水平、經濟帶動、改善衛生環境和增強幸福感;社區居民對當前所獲得的旅游補償很不滿意，且強烈期望政府和景區能提供稅收優惠及資金補助;社區居民對旅游生態補償的感知可分為經濟效益補償、社會效益補償、環境效益補償和文化效益補償4個類別;從居民感知視角分析旅游生態補償，并從中提煉出社區居民對旅游生態補償的感知類別和利益訴求，對于構建科學的可持續人地關系有一定的指導作用，也是進一步實現陽朔旅游健康有序發展的保障。

關鍵詞：旅游生態補償;社區居民;感知;陽朔縣

中圖分類號：F590.31 ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼：A ? ? ? ?文章編號：0439-8114（2015）23-6062-08

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.068

Residents Perception on Tourism Ecological Compensation

——A Case Study of Yangshuo County

YANG Zhu-quan1， ZHANG Zhi-ming2， WANG Li-na2

（1. Economy and Management Department， Hezhou College， Hezhou 542800， Guangxi， China;

2. Guilin University of Technology， Guilin 541004， Guangxi， China）

Abstract： Taking the typical tourist area Yangshuo county as an example， based on the community residents perception of tourism ecological compensation， a questionnaire survey was conducted， and SPSS19.0 was used for data analysis. The results indicated that residents had strong negative awareness about rising prices， traffic jam， ecological environmental damage and water pollution， and the positive impact focused on improvement of living standards， economic drive， improvement of the environment and enhancement of happiness; Community residents were not satisfied with current tourism compensation， and intensively expected the government and scenic department to provide tax incentives or funding support; Community residents perception of tourism ecological compensation could be divided into four categories： economic benefit compensation， social benefit compensation， environmental benefit compensation and cultural benefit compensation; Analyzing tourism ecological compensation from perspective of community residents perception of tourism ecological compensation， the perceptual categories and benefit demands in tourism ecological compensation can be extracted， which would have certain guiding effect in building a scientific and sustainable man-land relationship， and providing a reliable guarantee to realize healthy and orderly development of tourism in Yangshuo county.

Key words： tourism ecological compensation;community resident;perception;Yangshuo county

在工業化、城市化和現代化快速推進的新形勢下，經濟發展和生態環境的協調可持續發展面臨重大考驗，而環境惡化、資源短缺、生態失衡等問題越來越突出，已成為制約經濟更好更快發展的重要因素。由于生態環境本身具有公共物品屬性，使得以消費生態環境資源為核心的生態旅游產品在消費過程中容易產生“公地悲劇”和搭便車問題。在盲目追求經濟效益的驅使下，生態環境資源被過度利用，而保護措施和監管力度的不足或缺失將使得生態環境遭受嚴重破壞，進而使得當地生態失衡，導致人地關系矛盾尖銳，并出現返貧困等系列問題。……