新型裝配式節能日光溫室冬季溫控效果研究

楊鳳軍 楊微微 孫周平 安子靖 徐蕾 胡凱鳳

摘要：在黑龍江地區，由于冬季日光溫室夜間溫度過低，難以滿足作物生長的需求。大慶引進的新型裝配式節能日光溫室，設有水循環蓄放熱系統和空氣—地中熱交換蓄放熱系統。以大慶普通溫室為對照，檢測了冬季最冷時期新型溫室與對照溫室室溫在東西、南北方向上的變化及分布，不同土層土溫的變化及南北方向上土溫的變化分布情況。結果表明，新型溫室可保持夜間室內氣溫在12 ℃以上，溫度分布均勻，比對照溫室室內氣溫提高2～3 ℃。試驗溫室土層深度在60 cm以上的區域溫度一直高于對照溫室，10、30、60 cm處夜間平均溫差分別為5.7、4.0、2.7 ℃。此新型溫室的設計不僅提高了溫室內的氣溫，而且也提高了作物根部的土壤溫度。

關鍵詞：日光溫室;溫度;地溫;水循環系統;空氣-地中熱交換蓄放熱系統

中圖分類號：S625 ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼：A ? ? ? ?文章編號：0439-8114（2015）23-6038-05

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.062

Study on a New Type of Assembled Energy-Saving Sunlight Greenhouse

in Winter Temperature Effect

YANG Feng-jun1，YANG Wei-wei1，SUN Zhou-ping2，AN Zi-jing1，XU Lei1，HU Kai-feng1

（1.Agronomy College，Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University， Daqing 163319， Heilongjiang， China;

2.Horticulture College，Shenyang Agricultural University， Shenyang 110866， China）

Abstract： In Heilongjiang province， because of solar greenhouse in winter night temperature is too low， so it is difficult to meet the needs of crop growth. A new assembled energy-saving solar greenhouse was introduced into Daqing city， the heat storage of water circulation system and air-ground heat storage in the heat exchange system were designed in the greenhouse. Taking the common greenhouse in Daqing city as comparison， in the coldest winter period， the indoor temperature change and distribution of new-type and common greenhouse in the east and west， north and south direction were detected， also the soil temperature changes and distribution of different soil layer and north-south direction were directed. The results showed that， the indoor temperature could be kept above 12 ℃ at night， with uniform temperature distribution，compared with the common greenhouse， temperature increased by 2～3 ℃. The temperature was higher than the conmmon greenhouse for the new-type greenhouse in region of soil depth above 60 cm， the night mean temperature difference of 10，30 and 60 cm soil depth were 5.7，4.0 and 2.7 ℃， respectively. Therefore， the new type of greenhouse not only can improve the temperature inside the greenhouse， but also boost the soil temperature of crop roots.

Key words： sunlight greenhouse; temperature; the ground temperature; water cycle system; air-ground heat exchange system

日光溫室中的能量主要通過太陽能獲得，部分能量以熱量的形式存儲于后墻、山墻和土壤中[1]。白天，墻體表面進行熱量的蓄積[2]，這些熱量主要是通過接收透過前屋面照射進來的太陽輻射，溫室內最高溫能達到35 ℃以上;在夜晚，當室內氣溫下降時，墻體和土壤中蓄積的熱量又不斷地向溫室供應，墻體內通過導熱過程以及墻體表面通過與室內空氣對流換熱的過程，不斷地向室內釋放熱量，以提高空氣溫度[3]。但是由于受墻體材料熱物理特性的限制，北墻蓄熱能力有限，所以溫室內后半夜的氣溫往往較低[4]，低溫冷害現象時有發生，嚴重影響作物的高效生產。……