孟翠麗 楊文剛 黃永學(xué) 王涵 陳鑫 陸鵬程



摘要:選用武漢農(nóng)業(yè)氣象試驗(yàn)站的單體薄膜大棚、連棟薄膜大棚、PVC溫室為研究對象,分別研究了晴天、多云、陰天室內(nèi)外氣溫的日變化特征,并構(gòu)建了不同覆蓋方式下溫室內(nèi)氣溫的預(yù)報(bào)模型。結(jié)果表明,PVC溫室保溫性能最好;單體薄膜大棚內(nèi)氣溫升降速度快,升降幅度大。模型值與實(shí)測值的相對誤差在2.2%~8.7%之間,均方根介于0.7~1.7 ℃。模型擬合精度較高,可為武漢市不同結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)施蔬菜的溫室內(nèi)溫度調(diào)控提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。關(guān)鍵詞:溫室;氣溫;預(yù)測;武漢
中圖分類號:S162.4 ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A ? ? ? ?文章編號:0439-8114(2015)23-6033-05
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.061
Research on the Temperature Characteristics and Prediction Model for Different Structure Greenhouse in Typical Weather in Wuhan
MENG Cui-li, YANG Wen-gang, HUANG Yong-xue, WANG Han, LU Peng-cheng
(Wuhan National Agricultural Meteorology Station, Wuhan 430040, China)
Abstract: One-span plastic greenhouse,multi-span plastic greenhouse and PVC greenhouse were selected to study ?the diurnal characteristics of interior and outdoor temperature in sunny, cloudy and dusky day at Wuhan national agro-meteorological stations, and air temperature prediction model for each kind of greenhouse was developed using stepwise regression method. The results indicated that the thermal insulation property of PVC greenhouse was the best. Variety range of air temperature inside one-span plastic greenhouse was higher with quicker ascend and descend of the speed. The corresponding relative error were all between 2.2% to 8.7%,and the root mean square error(RMSE) were all between 0.7 to 1.7 ℃. The models was quite precisely,which could provide scientific basis for control and predication of air temperature inside the greenhouse of facility vegetables in Wuhan city.
Key words:greenhouse;air temperature;prediction;Wuhan city
設(shè)施蔬菜上市早、品質(zhì)好、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益大,已經(jīng)成為農(nóng)民增收的重要途徑。武漢市東西湖區(qū)位于武漢近郊,是武漢市民“菜籃子”所在地,近年來,武漢市設(shè)施蔬菜已成為種植業(yè)的主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)。溫室內(nèi)溫度直接影響著作物生長發(fā)育的全過程,溫度維持在一定范圍內(nèi),作物生長良好,溫度低于或高于某一閥值時(shí),作物將停止生長甚至死亡。研究不同結(jié)構(gòu)溫室氣溫的變化特征及預(yù)報(bào)方法,可為不同結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)施蔬菜生產(chǎn)環(huán)境調(diào)控提供科學(xué)依據(jù),也可提升氣象為農(nóng)服務(wù)的水平,為農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)保駕護(hù)航。
國內(nèi)外學(xué)者在溫室小氣候方面已有一定的研究[1-4],符國槐等[5]基于逐步回歸方法構(gòu)建了草莓的大棚氣溫預(yù)測模型;馬承偉等[6]建立了溫室多層覆蓋傳熱的理論模型;余朝剛等[7]基于神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)方法,構(gòu)建了溫室室內(nèi)溫度預(yù)報(bào)模型;金志鳳等[8]以楊梅為對象構(gòu)建了大棚內(nèi)的最高、最低氣溫BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)測模型;陳丹等[9,10]研究了夏季和冬季單棟、三連棟、六連棟3種塑料大棚內(nèi)外小氣候特征。……