響應面法優化超聲波輔助提取河陰石榴多糖工藝研究

閆生輝+李興奎+高玉紅

摘要：為了優化河陰石榴（Punica granatum L.）多糖的超聲波提取工藝，研究了超聲波提取時的提取溫度、液料比、超聲功率和超聲時間單因素條件對河陰石榴多糖提取效果的影響，在此基礎上，根據Box-Benhnken中心組合試驗設計原理，采用三因素三水平響應面分析法建立二次回歸模型，同時對各因素和因素交互作用進行方差分析，從而確定河陰石榴多糖超聲提取的最佳工藝條件為提取溫度48.5 ℃，提取時間36 min，超聲波功率390 W。在此條件下，石榴多糖提取率的預期值為15.95%，試驗驗證值為15.68%。將優化后的試驗條件與傳統的水提法相比，不但提高了石榴多糖提取的效率，而且多糖得率提高了5.79個百分點。

關鍵詞：河陰石榴（Punica granatum L.）;多糖;超聲波提取;響應面分析

中圖分類號：S665.4 ? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼：A ? ? ? ? 文章編號：0439-8114（2015）23-5987-05

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.049

Optimization of Polysaccharides from Heyin Pomegranate Using Response Surface Methodology and Ultrasonic Extraction

YAN Sheng-hui，LI Xing-kui，GAO Yu-hong

（Zhengzhou Vocational Technology College， Zhengzhou 450121， China）

Abstract： In order to optimize ultrasonic extraction of polysaccharides in Heyin Pomegranate（Punica granatum L.），effects of extraction temperature，ratio of water to material，extraction rate and extraction time were investigated respectively in single-factor tests. Based on the principle of Box-Behnken design， response surface methodology with three factors and three levels were applied，and then interactive effects of the independent variables on extraction were established. The result showed that the optimum extraction temperature，time，and rate for polysaccharides extraction from Heyin Pomegranate are 48.5 ℃，36 min，390 W，respectively. Under the above conditions，the actual extraction rate reached up to 15.68%， which was close to the predicted value of 15.95%.Compared with the traditional water extraction method，the efficiency of optimization of polysaccharides from Heyin Pomegranate was greatly improved，and the extraction yield of polysaccharide was increased by 5.79 percentage points.

Key words： Heyin Pomegranate（Punica granatum L.）; polysaccharides; ultrasonic extraction; response surface methodology

石榴（Punica granatum L.）是落葉喬木或灌木，屬于石榴科（Punicaceae）石榴屬（Punica L.）植物，原產巴爾干半島至伊朗及其鄰近地區，現主要分布在亞洲、非洲、歐洲沿地中海等溫帶和熱帶地區[1]。石榴在中國南北各地均有種植，主要分布在陜西、安徽、山東、江蘇、河南、四川、云南及新疆等地。目前，有瑪瑙石榴、粉皮石榴、青皮石榴、玉石子等70多個種類，其中河南省滎陽市的河陰石榴因其果實色澤鮮艷，石榴皮薄光滑，特別是石榴仁特軟可食，其味甘甜而無渣滓，結束了吃石榴吐子的歷史，因此河陰石榴暢銷全國，為河南特產之一。近年來，各國科研工作者陸續發現石榴中含有豐富的蛋白質、氨基酸、微量元素、類固醇、激素、生物堿和多糖等活性物質[2-5]，因此被廣泛應用于醫藥和保健領域。……