王軼+王晨+郭鵬



摘要:對黑木耳(Auricularia auricular)中擬除蟲菊酯類農藥殘留的降解技術進行了研究,分析對比了表面活性劑洗滌、臭氧氧化及輻照處理3種方法對聯苯菊酯和溴氰菊酯的降解效果。得到黑木耳中農藥殘留降解的最佳工藝:0.2%洗潔精洗滌60 min,飽和臭氧水溶液氧化30 min,12 kGy 60Co-γ輻照處理,此工藝條件下黑木耳中聯苯菊酯和溴氰菊酯的去除率分別達到76.5%和87.6%。
關鍵詞: 黑木耳(Auricularia auricular); 農殘降解; 擬除蟲菊酯; 表面活性劑; 臭氧; 輻照
中圖分類號:S646.7 ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼:A ? ? ? ?文章編號:0439-8114(2015)23-5984-03
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.048
Exploitation of the Process to Degrade Pesticide Residue in Auricularia auricular
WANG Yi,WANG Chen,GUO Peng
(Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology,Hubei Academy of Agriculture Science, Wuhan 430064, China)
Abstract:The process to degrade pesticide residue of bifenthrin and deltamethrinin Auricularia auricular was studied,and the effects of three methods, which were washing with surface active agent,oxidation by ozone and irradiation with 60Co-γ,were compared. The optimized process to degrade pesticide residue was as follow:washing with 0.2% dish detergent for 60 min,oxidation by ozone saturated aqueous solution for 30 min and 12 kGy irradiation with 60Co-γ,applying this process the clearance rate of bifenthrin and deltamethrin in Auricularia auricular was 76.5% and 87.6%,respectively.
Key words: Auricularia auricular; pesticide residue degradation; pyrethroid; surface active agent; ozone; irradiation
黑木耳(Auricularia auricular)為木耳科植物,其性平味甘。具有滋補、潤燥、養血益胃、活血止血、潤肺、潤腸的作用。現代科學研究表明,黑木耳含有多種人體必須的微量元素,具有很高的營養價值。因此,黑木耳深受廣大人民的喜愛[1]。由于其豐富的營養,黑木耳在生產栽培過程中容易發生病蟲害,如綠霉病、爛耳(又名流耳)、馬陸、薊馬、偽步行蟲等,嚴重影響其產量和品質[2,3]。
在防治毛木耳蟲害時,一般采用化學農藥防治的方法。化學農藥不僅防效好,而且省時省力。隨著有機磷、有機氯、氨基甲酯類等高毒農藥逐漸被淘汰,仿生合成的擬除蟲菊酯類殺蟲劑被國家列入高毒農藥的理想替代品種。然而農藥的大量使用,都會不可避免地帶來殘留問題。研究表明,擬除蟲菊酯殺蟲劑高暴露與生殖毒性、神經損傷及幼兒神經智力低下存在聯系[4-7]。國際貿易中對農藥殘留的標準有嚴格規定,近年來中國農業出口因農藥殘留超標問題造成了巨大的經濟損失[8]。……