曬煙種質(zhì)資源形態(tài)學(xué)標(biāo)記及SSR標(biāo)記的多樣性分析

王慧穎+王曼+樸世領(lǐng)+金愛蘭+陳爽

摘要： 以吉林省常見的23份曬煙和2份烤煙為試材，利用形態(tài)學(xué)標(biāo)記和SSR分子標(biāo)記兩種方法進(jìn)行遺傳距離的研究，并將所得的遺傳距離進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析。結(jié)果表明，曬煙材料的形態(tài)學(xué)歐氏距離在1.11～8.29之間，歐氏距離較小，說明各曬煙品種間遺傳基礎(chǔ)狹窄。通過SSR標(biāo)記法，得到各曬煙材料間的遺傳背景較相似，遺傳相似系數(shù)為0.51～0.98，相似性較大，說明親緣關(guān)系較近。兩種方法的聚類分析結(jié)果基本一致。利用SPSS軟件對形態(tài)學(xué)歐氏距離與SSR遺傳相似系數(shù)進(jìn)行了相關(guān)性分析，結(jié)果呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)，相關(guān)系數(shù)為r=-0.383。由此可見，分子標(biāo)記能反映煙草品種間的遺傳變異，通過這種簡便快捷的標(biāo)記方法，能夠提高煙草育種效率。

關(guān)鍵詞：曬煙;形態(tài)學(xué)標(biāo)記;SSR標(biāo)記;親緣關(guān)系;遺傳多樣性;相關(guān)性分析

中圖分類號：S572 ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：A ? ? ? ?文章編號：0439-8114（2015）23-5943-06

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.038

The Genetic Diversity Analyses on Sun-cured Tobacco Germplasm by Morphological Markers and SSR Markers

WANG Hui-ying1， WANG Man1， PIAO Shi-ling1， JIN Ai-lan2， CHEN Shuang1

（1.Agricultural College，Yanbian University，Yanji 133002，Jilin，China;2.Yanbian Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Longjing 133400，Jilin，China）

Abstract： Taking 23 common sun-cured tobaccos and 2 flue-cured tobaccosof Jilin province as test materials， combining with morphological markers and SSR markers， the correlation of genetic distance was analyzed. Results showed that， morphology euclidean distance of sun-cured material was 1.11～8.29， which showed genetic base among sun-cured tobacco varieties was relatively narrow. Genetic backgrounds between each sun-cured materials were similar through SSR markers， the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.51～0.98. Cluster analysis results of the two methods were basically the same. The correlation analysis between morphology euclidean distance and SSR genetic similarity coefficient was conducted by SPSS software， a significant negative correlation was obtained with correlation coefficient ?r=-0.383. It was concluded ?that molecular markers could reflect the genetic variation among breeds， andimprove the breeding efficiency.

Key words：sun-cured tobacco;morphological markers;SSR markers;genetic relationship; genetic diversity;correlation analysis

吉林省曬煙作為中國名曬煙之一，以色澤鮮明、吃味純凈、油分充足、香氣優(yōu)雅濃郁、焦油釋放量低等特點在中國享有很高的聲譽[1]。但后來盲目追求產(chǎn)量、忽視質(zhì)量、科研投入少，沒有開展深層次的科學(xué)研究，致使種質(zhì)間遺傳基礎(chǔ)狹窄，煙葉內(nèi)在質(zhì)量差，生產(chǎn)規(guī)模萎縮[2]，阻礙了煙草產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量的進(jìn)一步提高[3]。加之長久以來，種煙戶自由種植，導(dǎo)致優(yōu)質(zhì)品種逐漸退化，出現(xiàn)品種混雜現(xiàn)象，嚴(yán)重影響了吉林省曬煙聲譽，挫傷了煙農(nóng)種煙積極性。為此，探索種質(zhì)資源之間的遺傳多樣性和建立核心種質(zhì)資源庫非常必要。

形態(tài)標(biāo)記為一種操作簡單、直觀、便于觀察的遺傳標(biāo)記，是人們最早利用的遺傳標(biāo)記[4]?！?br>