國(guó)外小麥種質(zhì)資源抗白粉病和赤霉病評(píng)價(jià)

楊立軍+朱展望+汪華+張學(xué)江+佟漢文+李明菊+焦春海

摘要：為了拓寬和豐富小麥種質(zhì)資源遺傳多樣性，提高小麥抗性、產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)，對(duì)國(guó)外引進(jìn)的122份小麥種質(zhì)資源進(jìn)行了溫室苗期和田間成株期抗白粉病、抗赤霉病鑒定與評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果表明，有4份材料苗期和成株期對(duì)白粉病均表現(xiàn)為免疫，3份材料苗期和成株期均表現(xiàn)為高抗，11份材料具有明顯的成株期抗性;有3份材料對(duì)赤霉病表現(xiàn)為高抗，10份材料為中抗，其中有4份材料兼抗白粉病和赤霉病。整體而言，埃及和津巴布韋材料白粉病相對(duì)抗性較好，來(lái)自墨西哥國(guó)際玉米改良中心的大部分材料成株期具有白粉病抗性，這些材料對(duì)于改善中國(guó)小麥對(duì)白粉病和赤霉病的抗性具有一定的實(shí)踐應(yīng)用價(jià)值。

關(guān)鍵詞：小麥; 種質(zhì)資源; 國(guó)外; 抗病性; 評(píng)價(jià)

中圖分類號(hào)：S435.121.4;S512.1 ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A ? ? ? 文章編號(hào)：0439-8114（2015）23-5918-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.031

Resistance Evaluation of Foreign Wheat Germplasm to

Powdery Mildew and Fusarium Head Blight

YANG Li-jun1a，ZHU Zhan-wang1b，WANG Hua1a，ZHANG Xue-jiang1a，

TONG Han-wen1b，LI Ming-ju2，JIAO Chun-hai1

（1.a.Institute for Plant Protection and Soil Science;b. Institute of Crops Science， Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Wuhan 430064，China;2. Institute of Environmental Resources， Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Kunming 650205，China）

Abstract： In order to broaden and enrich the genetic diversity of wheat germplasm resources and to improve the resistance， yield and quality of local wheat，122 wheat germplasms were introduced and evaluated on the seedling resistance to powdery mildew in greenhouse and adult resistance to powdery mildew and fusarium head blight in field. The results indicated that there were 4 germplasms immune and 3 germplasms high resistance to powdery mildew both at seedling and adult stage， and 11 germplasms showed significant adult resistance to powdery mildew. Three and 10 germplasms were high resistance and middle resistance to fussarium head blight， respectively. Four out of the 13 germplasms had good resistance both to powdery mildew and fusarium head blight. Over all， the resistance of material came from Egyptian and Zimbabwe better than that from the other country and the most materials from the CIMMIT of Mexico contain adult resistance to powdery mildew. All of the above material with good resistance could be valuable resources for improving the resistance of local wheat to powdery mildew and fusarium head blight.

Key words： wheat; germplasm resources; foreign; disease resistance; evaluation

種質(zhì)資源的遺傳多樣性對(duì)小麥遺傳改良具有重要作用，然而現(xiàn)代育種導(dǎo)致小麥遺傳多樣性降低， 使小麥改良的遺傳基礎(chǔ)越來(lái)越狹窄[1]。研究表明，不同區(qū)域小麥種質(zhì)資源的遺傳特點(diǎn)及遺傳基礎(chǔ)具有明顯差異性[2]。從不同區(qū)域引進(jìn)小麥種質(zhì)資源對(duì)于改良本區(qū)域小麥的產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)和抗逆性等性狀，豐富本區(qū)域小麥種質(zhì)資源的遺傳變異具有重要作用。湖北地處長(zhǎng)江中游，有著從亞熱帶向暖溫帶過(guò)渡的典型氣候特征，致使赤霉病、白粉病、條銹病等病害常年單一或混合嚴(yán)重發(fā)生，成為影響小麥高產(chǎn)的制約因素之一[3]。佟漢文等[4，5]對(duì)湖北省農(nóng)作物種質(zhì)資源庫(kù)保存的874份小麥種質(zhì)資源、楊立軍等[6，7]和朱展望等[8]等對(duì)湖北省2008年以來(lái)審定的品種和后備材料對(duì)條銹病和赤霉病的鑒定評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果均表明，湖北選育和擁有的種質(zhì)資源遺傳相對(duì)單一、抗性來(lái)源狹窄問(wèn)題突出。本研究以小麥白粉病和赤霉病為靶標(biāo)，對(duì)從非洲引進(jìn)的122份小麥種質(zhì)資源進(jìn)行了抗小麥白粉病和赤霉病的接種鑒定，以期獲得抗性好且農(nóng)藝性狀優(yōu)良的種質(zhì)，為今后生產(chǎn)和育種中直接或間接利用提供理論依據(jù)。endprint