史紅安+傅本重+張志林+李國元+王立華



摘要:為了掌握湖北孝感本地油茶(Camellia oleifera)主要病害發生規律,采用常規組織分離法分離病原菌,依據病原菌的形態特征,結合其rDNA-ITS序列分析,對油茶病原菌進行分離和分子鑒定,并對其生物學特性進行了研究。結果表明,鑒定兩種病原菌分別為膠孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)和鏈格孢(Alternaria ?alternata);炭疽病菌菌株在PDA培養基中生長最快,最適碳源和氮源分別為淀粉、硫酸銨,pH 6.0為宜,最適生長溫度為25 ℃,致死溫度為52 ℃;鏈格孢菌株最適培養基為PDA培養基,以淀粉為碳源、硝酸銨為氮源為宜,pH 8.0時菌絲生長最快,最適溫度為25 ℃,致死溫度為54 ℃。
關鍵詞:油茶(Camellia oleifera);病原菌;膠孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides);鏈格孢(Alternaria alternata);生物學特性
中圖分類號:S432.4+4 ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼:A ? ? ? ?文章編號:0439-8114(2015)23-5908-04
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.028
The Study of Two Camellia Pathogens Isolation,
Identification and Biological Characteristics
SHI Hong-an1,2,FU Ben-zhong1,ZHANG Zhi-lin1,LI Guo-yuan1,WANG Li-hua1
(1.Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables,Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000,
Hubei, China;2. College of life science, Hubei University,Wuhan ?430062,China)
Abstract: The two Camellia pathogens were isolated, identified, and the primary biological characteristics were determined. By using routine isolation method from tissue, following morphological characteristics, combining with the result of the rDNA-ITS sequence analysis, the two pathogens were identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria alternata,respectively.The test showed the pathogen C. gloeosporioides grew best in PDA media,starch as carbon source,ammonium sulfate as nitrogen source,pH 6.0, the optimum temperature was 25 ℃ and the lethal temperature was 52 ℃;For A. alternata,which grew best in CMM, starch as the carbon source,ammonium nitrate as nitrogen source,pH 8.0,the optimum temperature was 25 ℃, and the lethal temperature was 54 ℃.
Key words: Camellia oleifera; pathogen; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; Alternaria ?alternata; characteristics
油茶(Camellia oleifera)屬山茶科(Theaceae)山茶屬(Camellia),是中國特有的一種高級油料作物,主要生長于中國南方亞熱帶地區高山及丘陵地帶,是重要的木本油料樹種之一[1]。油茶炭疽病(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.)是油茶的主要病害之一,該病在中國各油茶產區普遍發生,油茶的地上各部位均可受害,主要引起落果、落蕾、枝梢枯死、枝干潰瘍、甚至整株死亡[2]。病落果率通常在20%左右,有時高達40%以上。近年來,湖北油茶種植規模不斷擴大,相應的病害逐步引起重視。尤其是苗圃的病害發生嚴重,苗木調運也能引起病害傳播,因此,對苗圃的病原菌檢測顯得尤為重要。目前對油茶炭疽病的防治只有通過種植抗性品種和化學防治來控制。本試驗對引起湖北孝感本地油茶炭疽病的病原菌進行了鑒定,并對病原菌的生物學特性進行初步研究,為防治該病害提供理論依據。……