武漢地區粘蟲的種群動態及越冬規律

叢勝波+萬鵬+黃民松+武懷恒+許冬+王金濤

摘要：研究了粘蟲（Mythimna separate Walker）在武漢地區的種群動態及其越冬規律。結果表明，粘蟲成蟲在武漢地區主要有兩個發生高峰，分別為4月中下旬和10月中下旬。田間粘蟲幼蟲發生的高峰期主要在11月至次年的3月。有再生苗的稻田內粘蟲幼蟲的發生量顯著高于無再生苗的稻田。在越冬期間，粘蟲并未進入滯育狀態，而以幼蟲形態越冬。粘蟲幼蟲在越冬期間的過冷卻點與冰點均隨發育程度上升而下降;死亡率則隨溫度的降低顯著上升，兩者之間的關系可用線性方程y=-1.529 1x+28.459 0表示。

關鍵詞：粘蟲（Mythimna separate Walker）;越冬;過冷卻點;遷飛

中圖分類號：S433.4 ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼：A ? ? ? ?文章編號：0439-8114（2015）23-5904-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.027

Population Dynamics and Wintering Pattern of Mythimna separate Walker in Wuhan

CONG Sheng-bo，WAN Peng，HUANG Min-song，WU Huai-heng，XU Dong，WANG Jin-tao

（Key Laboratory Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China， Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science， Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Wuhan ?430064， China）

Abstract： Population dynamics and wintering pattern of Mythimna separate （Walker） in Wuhan area were investigated. The results indicated that the occurrence of M. separate moths existed two peaks in Wuhan， namely mid or late April and mid or late October， respectively. Larvae occurred usually between November and March of next year. The number of larvae was significantly higher in rice fields with than that of without regenerated seedlings in rice fields. During wintering stage， M. separate did not diapause， but kept active as larvae. It was also found that the super-cooling point and freezing point of larvae presented a decreasing tendency along with the increase of larval development. Simultaneously， the mortality rate of M. separate larvae during wintering stage was significantly increased with the decrease of temperature. The relationship between two factors could be described as a linear equation： y=-1.529 1x+28.459 0.

Key words： Mythimna separate Walker; overwinter; super-cooling point; migration

粘蟲（Mythimna separate Walker）屬鱗翅目夜蛾科，是世界性禾谷類重要害蟲，喜食禾本科植物，主要為害麥類、水稻、玉米、谷子、高粱、甘蔗等[1]。在中國分布廣泛，除新疆外，其他地區均可能造成危害并暴發成災[2]。解放后關于粘蟲的越冬和發生規律開展了全面系統的研究。林昌善等[3，4]提出東北地區粘蟲不在本地越冬，而是早春從南方成批遷飛入境，并具有回遷現象假說。夏曾銑等[5]通過系統的海面捕蛾工作，確證了在中國渤海與黃海上空存在遷飛的粘蟲，為粘蟲的遠距離遷飛假說提供了有力的證據。李光博等[6]在全國范圍內對粘蟲進行成蟲標記回收試驗，初步證實了粘蟲季節性接力式南北往返遠距離遷飛為害的規律。

李淑華[7]用一月日均溫≥9.6 ℃ 出現的日數，把中國從南到北劃分為3個氣候帶：粘蟲冬季繁殖氣候帶、粘蟲越冬氣候帶、粘蟲遷入氣候帶。……