微生物源殺菌劑先導化合物篩選研究

張志剛+楊自文+王開梅+張遵霞

摘要：以番茄早疫病菌（Alternaria solani）作為產(chǎn)孢病原菌的代表，進行了孢子濃度和培養(yǎng)時間對其敏感性影響的篩選試驗;以小麥穎枯病菌（Septoria nodorum Berk）作為不產(chǎn)孢病原菌的代表，進行了菌絲碎片計數(shù)，同時比較了接菌濃度和培養(yǎng)時間對其敏感性影響的篩選試驗;用兩個殺菌劑標準樣品進行了篩選穩(wěn)定性比較試驗，同時對576個微生物源提取物進行了篩選試驗。結果表明，殺菌劑篩選必須控制接菌濃度和培養(yǎng)時間，從而保持適當?shù)幕钚悦舾卸龋拍艿玫椒€(wěn)定的篩選結果。適當降低接菌濃度和縮短培養(yǎng)時間可以提高活性樣品的敏感度，有效的減少低活性樣品的漏篩。

關鍵詞：番茄早疫病菌（Alternaria solani）;小麥穎枯病菌（Septoria nodorum Berk）;先導化合物;殺菌活性;微生物源提取物

中圖分類號：S482.4 ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼：A ? ? ? ?文章編號：0439-8114（2015）23-5896-03

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.024

Studies on Screening of Lead Compounds of Fungicide from Microorganism

ZHANG Zhi-gang，YANG Zi-wen，WANG Kai-mei，ZHANG Zun-xia

（Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Center/The Branch Center of Biopesiticide， Hubei Agricultural Scientific and

Technological Innovation Center）

Abstract：One was Alternaria solani， which could produce a large number of spores in PDA medium. The other one was Septoria nodorum Berk， which couldn't produce spores in PDA medium. The sensitivity of screening results had been studied with different concentration of spores and infection time of A. solani. Homogenized the mycelia of S. nodorum Berk， and counted the number of mycelia fragments after filtration with Nylon net， and the sensitivity of screening had been studied with different concentration of mycelia fragments and infection time too. The two pathogenic fungus had been tested for their responses to 2 commercial fungicide standards， and had screened with 576 microbial extracts. The results showed that the stable screening results based on the appropriate sensitivity. The sensitivity affected by the appropriate inoculation concentration and incubation time of infection. Reduce the inoculation concentration and incubation time could improve sensitivity of screening， also could ensure that low active compounds would not be missed.

Key words：Alternaria solani;Septoria nodorum Berk;lead compound; fungicidal activity;microbial extract

為了提高篩選效率，殺菌劑先導化合物篩選不僅要有多個具有代表性的靶標，同時還要有高度敏感性，這與常規(guī)殺菌活性測定有很大差別。由于先導化合物在原材料中含量低、活性低，其對常規(guī)殺菌劑靶標無明顯活性甚至不顯示活性，因此先導化合物的篩選必須盡可能提高篩選靶標的敏感度，以增大具有潛在農藥活性的先導化合物的發(fā)現(xiàn)機率。半固體法因其便于使用微孔板進行高通量篩選，常作為先導化合物篩選的首選方法。部分農業(yè)病原真菌在培養(yǎng)基上不產(chǎn)孢或產(chǎn)孢量少，因而只能用菌絲進行篩選，而菌絲的接種量難以定量，往往導致篩選結果不穩(wěn)定。……