寧夏各市2012年生態(tài)承載力供需平衡狀況分析

曹園園+璩向?qū)?衛(wèi)萍萍

摘要：從生態(tài)承載力的角度出發(fā)，應(yīng)用生態(tài)足跡模型，引入生態(tài)供需平衡指數(shù)，對(duì)2012年寧夏回族自治區(qū)5個(gè)地級(jí)市的不同土地利用類型的生態(tài)足跡和生態(tài)承載力進(jìn)行測(cè)算。結(jié)果顯示，2012年寧夏固原市生態(tài)足跡最小，為2.047 hm2/人;吳忠市生態(tài)足跡最大，為2.560 hm2/人。銀川市的生態(tài)承載力為五市之中最小，為0.669 4 hm2/人;中衛(wèi)市的生態(tài)承載力最大，為1.631 4 hm2/人。各市均表現(xiàn)出生態(tài)赤字，從生態(tài)平衡指數(shù)得出銀川生態(tài)赤字最大，中衛(wèi)生態(tài)赤字最小。分析不同土地利用類型可知各市的耕地、草地、林地、水域、化石能源用地、建筑用地的生態(tài)足跡差別較大，其中草地和水域的生態(tài)赤字量最大。

關(guān)鍵詞：生態(tài)足跡;生態(tài)承載力;生態(tài)平衡指數(shù);寧夏

中圖分類號(hào)：S718 ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A ? ? ? ?文章編號(hào)：0439-8114（2015）23-5887-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.022

Municipal Supply and Demand Balance of the Ecological Capacity of Ningxia in 2012

CAO Yuan-yuan，QU Xiang-ning，WEI Ping-ping

（Northwest Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration/Northwest Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems and the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Reconstruction/Ecology and Biological Resources in Western Development Joint Research Centre，Ningxia University，

Yinchuan 750021，China）

Abstract： The ecological footprint analysis method was used to calculate the ecological footprint， balance index of supply and demand of different types of land use in 5 cities of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in 2012. The results showed that the ecological footprint of Guyuan was the lowest and 2.047 hm2 per human， while that of Wuzhong was highest and 2.560 hm2 per human among the five cities. The ecological carrying capacity of Yinchuan was the lowest and that of Zhongwei was the highest among all cities， which was 0.669 4 hm2/human and 1.631 4 hm2/human， respectively. The five cities were all in the condition of ecological defict. With the balance index of supply and demand， the ecological defict of Yinchuan was largest， while that of Zhongwei was lowest. The ecological footprint of different types of land use（farmland， grassland， woodland， waters， fossil energy land and construction land）varied greatly. Grassland and water was in large propotion of ecological deficit.

Key words：ecological footprint; ecological carrying capacity; ecological balance index;Ningxia

生態(tài)承載力是人與自然相互依賴關(guān)系的重要度量[1]。生態(tài)足跡法可以很好地把資源和環(huán)境兩類承載力結(jié)合起來[2]，生態(tài)足跡法自1992年由William[3]提出，后來由Wackernagel（1997）[4]完善了生態(tài)足跡理論和模型。自從生態(tài)足跡的方法引入中國(guó)以來，國(guó)內(nèi)各地的學(xué)者應(yīng)用此法對(duì)不同地區(qū)、不同尺度生態(tài)承載力狀況進(jìn)行了計(jì)算和評(píng)價(jià)。徐中民、張志強(qiáng)等[5，6]對(duì)中國(guó)西部十二省生態(tài)足跡進(jìn)行了計(jì)算并對(duì)中國(guó)生態(tài)足跡發(fā)展能力進(jìn)行了分析。陳敏等[8]和陳成忠等[9]人從長(zhǎng)時(shí)間尺度研究了中國(guó)生態(tài)足跡變化情況，此后時(shí)間尺度這個(gè)研究方法較常應(yīng)用于生態(tài)足跡的變化與影響分析。近年來對(duì)某個(gè)具體行政區(qū)域（省、市、縣）的生態(tài)盈余[9]，生態(tài)足跡動(dòng)態(tài)變化[10]或土地資源[11]等具體的資源利用類型的生態(tài)足跡分析研究較多，但對(duì)于寧夏各個(gè)市生態(tài)足跡的分析對(duì)比并不多見?！?br>