劉文+李宏+張玉武+袁果



摘要:在2011—2013年期間對貴州省草海國家級自然保護區水生維管束植物進行監測調查,共記錄水生維管束植物61種,隸屬27科40屬。參考前人調查研究結果發現,新增3科4屬4種,分別為水燭(Typha angustifolia L.)、黑三棱[Sparganium stoloniferum (Graebn. ) Buch.-Ham. ex Juz.]、千屈菜(Lythrum salicaria L.)、問荊(Equisetum arvense L.)。由于草海上游周邊植被破壞嚴重、水源涵養功能喪失,泥沙隨地表徑流對湖床堆積作用,促使東部大型挺水植物群落的形成,加快了草海沿挺水植物-沼澤植物-濕中生植物-草甸化的演替進程。另外,城鎮化建設與人口壓力導致草海水體富營養化程度加劇,尤其草海東部最為典型,水生維管束植物分布多為耐污染、易泛濫種類,其群落結構簡單,易造成物種多樣性喪失。
關鍵詞:水生維管束植物;分布現狀;生物量;監測;貴州省草海;國家級自然保護區
中圖分類號:Q948.8;X173 ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼:A ? ? ? ?文章編號:0439-8114(2015)23-5872-05
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.019
Distribution Status and Changes in Recent 30 Years of Aquatic
Vascular Plants in Caohai of Guizhou
LIU Wen1,LI Hong2,ZHANG Yu-wu2,YUAN Guo2
(1. Authority of Caohai National Natural Reserve of Guizhou, Weining 553100, Guizhou, China;
2. Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Science, Guiyang 550009, China)
Abstract: The distribution of aquatic vascular plants in Caohai national natural reserve of Guizhou province were investigated during 2011 to 2013. The results showed that the native aquatic vascular plants of Caohai national natural reserve comprised 40 families and 27 genera with 61 species, of which 3 families and 4 genera with 4 species [(Typha angustifolia L.,Sparganium stoloniferum (Graebn.) Buch.-Ham. ex Juz.,Lythrum salicaria L.,Equisetum arvense L.)] were newly discovered on the premise of consulting historical documents. The combined effects of the destruction of vegetation in upstream Caohai, the loss of water conservation, the surface runoff induced deposit of Caohai Lake, jointly promoted the formation of emergent aquatic plants and enhanced the succession of the ecosystem from emergent aquatic plants to limnocryptophyte, meadow, and finally to march plants communities in certain period. In addition, the urbanization and population explosion along Caohai led to the deterioration of eutrophication, especially in its eastern part, and caused the extension of tolerant species, which were characterized by simplified community structures, resulting in the decrease of species diversity.
Key words:aquatic vascular plants;distribution status;biomass;survey;Caohai of Guizhou province;national nature reserve
貴州草海國家級自然保護區地處云貴高原威寧縣城西側,26°49′—26°53′N,104°12′—104°18′E,海拔2 171.5 m,是一個典型的高原濕地生態系統。在中國生物多樣性保護行動計劃中,被列為Ⅰ級重要濕地,是世界人禽共生、和諧相處的十大候鳥活動場地之一,亦是中國濕地和淡水水域生物多樣性關鍵地區之一[1]。水生維管束植物是草海濕地生態系統中初級生產者,其種類、群落分布類型及生物量變化等對保障各類水生動物棲息地及維系濕地生態系統正常運轉起至關重要的作用。2011年8月至2013年10月在承擔“草海濕地水鳥與生物多樣性保育技術研究與示范”專題子項目期間,對草海……