李莉+展銘+陳宏偉+萬正煌+劉昌燕+伍廣洪



摘要:通過田間試驗與采樣分析研究了磷肥施用對綠豆[Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek.]氮、磷、鉀積累量和產量構成因子的影響。結果表明,綠豆植株中氮、磷、鉀養分積累量隨磷肥施用量的增加呈拋物線變化趨勢,施磷提高了子粒和莖稈中氮、磷、鉀的積累量,其中磷素用量為90~135 kg/hm2時,養分積累量最高。施用磷肥效應方程為y=1 024.8+5.187 9x-0.023 1x2(R2=0.974),說明合理施用磷肥可以提高磷肥利用率和綠豆產量,施用過量則出現報酬遞減現象。
關鍵詞:綠豆[Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek.];磷肥;氮、磷、鉀積累;產量;影響
中圖分類號:S552;S143.2 ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼:A ? ? ? ?文章編號:0439-8114(2015)23-5835-04
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.011
Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer on N,P and K Accumulation
and Yield Component of Mung Bean
LI Li1,ZHAN Ming2,CHEN Hong-wei1,WAN Zheng-huang1,LIU Chang-yan1,WU Guang-hong1
(1.Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064,China;
2.College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China)
Abstract: Through the field experiment and the sampling analysis, effect of phosphorus fertilizer on nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation and yield component of mung bean was studied. The results indicated that there was a parabola regular pattern of the nutrient accumulation while the application rate of phosphorus fertilizer increased. The total accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the mung bean stems and pods was increased with the application rate of phosphorus fertilizer increasing,and the maximum was at 90~135 kg/hm2 phosphorus fertilizer. The regression equation was y=1 024.8+5.187 9x-0.023 1x2(R2=0.974),which indicated that proper phosphorus application could increase mung bean yield and improve the utilization efficiency, but excessive amount of fertilizer application should reduce the fertilizer usage efficiency.
Key words: mung bean[Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek.];phosphate fertilizer;nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation;yield;effect
綠豆[Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek.]作為高蛋白、低脂肪、中淀粉、醫食同源作物,是人們理想的營養保健食品,近年來隨著人們生活水平的提高和綠豆經濟利用價值的挖掘,綠豆的需求量也呈現出日益增加的趨勢[1]。綠豆是湖北省丘陵和山地重要的雜糧作物之一,其生育期短、適播期長、適應性廣,與其他作物相比具有獨特的生理優勢[2]。
營養元素是植物產量形成的物質基礎之一。磷在土壤中含量雖少,但對作物生長發育、產量及品質形成有著重要影響。磷是磷脂和核酸的必要成分,也是核蛋白質和許多輔酶的組成成分,在植物的光合和呼吸作用中起著非常重要的作用[3,4]。磷以多種途徑參與植物體內的各種代謝過程,對碳水化合物、蛋白質、脂肪等一系列有機營養的合成、分解和運輸等生命活動過程有著重要的影響,土壤中適量的磷可以促進作物花芽的分化和結實率的提高;磷在氮素代謝過程中必不可少,影響著作物對氮素和其他養分的利用,當土壤磷含量過低時也會導致植物對氮素的吸收和利用降低[5-7]?!?br>