卡拉麥里山自然保護區西部準噶爾沙蒿群落與環境的關系

李春娥 張麗君

摘要：在野外調查取樣的基礎上，研究卡拉麥里山自然保護區西部沙漠準噶爾沙蒿（Artemisia songarica）群落物種組成和多樣性特征，探討群落與環境的關系并揭示關鍵影響因子。結果表明，準噶爾沙蒿群落結構和物種組成較簡單，物種多樣性和植株密度均較低，有機質和養分含量也偏低。相關性分析表明，全氮（TN）、全磷（TP）及坡度是影響物種多樣性的主要因素。CCA排序分析進一步表明，TN和TP是影響群落物種分布的關鍵因子。因此，未來可以適當提高土壤N、P含量，以利于該區準噶爾沙蒿群落的穩定和健康發展。

關鍵詞：準噶爾沙蒿（Artemisia songarica）；物種多樣性；環境因子；CCA；環境保護；卡拉麥里山自然保護區

中圖分類號：Q948 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：0439-8114（2015）21-5266-06

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.21.016

Relationship between Artemisia songarica Communities and Environmental Factors in the Western Part of Karamori Mountain Nature Reserve， China

LI Chun-e， ZHANG Li-jun

（Xinjiang Meteorology Training Centre， Urumqi 830013， China）

Abstract： Based on field survey and sampling， the species composition and diversity characteristics of Artemisia songarica communities in western desert of Karamori Mountain Nature Reserve were studied， the relationship between communities and environmental factors was discussed， and the main influencing factors were revealed. The results showed that the community structure and species composition were simple and the species diversity and individual plant density were both low； besides， the contents of soil organic matter and nutrient were also on low side. The correlation analysis indicated that the soil total nitrogen content （TN）， total phosphorus content （TP） and slope of sampling plot were the main factors influencing species diversity. The CCA ordination further demonstrated that TN and TP were the key factors affecting species distribution in A. songarica communities. Consequently， the soil N and P contents should be enhanced properly so as to benefit the stability and healthy development of A. songarica communities in the study area.

Key words： Artemisia songarica； species diversity； environmental factor； CCA； environmental conservation； Karamori Mountain Nature Reserve

近幾十年來，人類活動（如油氣開采、放牧、工程開發等）的加劇對準噶爾盆地生態環境產生了日益嚴重的影響[1，2]。受損生態系統中植被的重建與恢復已成為該地區脆弱荒漠生態系統保護與恢復的關鍵環節和研究重點[3]。卡拉麥里山有蹄類自然保護區位于準噶爾盆地東部，原規劃總面積1.8×104 km2。保護區內野生動物種群結構較為復雜多樣，種類繁多，其中國家Ⅰ級重點保護野生動物13種、Ⅱ級重點保護野生動物36種[4]。但隨著道路開發、煤炭開采與加工利用的大規模推進，保護區已被分割成若干區域，斑塊化和生境破碎化加劇，野生動物的生存繁衍及其賴以生存的生境均面臨更為嚴峻的挑戰[1，2，5]。因此，如何有效保護野生動物及其棲息地已成為當前亟待解決的問題[1，6-8]。……