張元虎++潘典進++吳繼洪++張文文++賀穎



摘要:選用湖北省荊門市具有代表性的秈型雜交中稻和常規中稻品種與新引進的粳稻組合或品系進行對比試驗,共設4個品種6個播期。結果表明,隨著播期的推遲水稻全生育期不同程度地縮短,出葉速度加快而主莖總葉片數變化較小;秈型雜交中稻早播有利于取得高產,粳型雜交組合產量高低受播期影響較小,早熟中秈稻和中晚熟粳稻常規品種不宜過早播種,品種與播期對產量的交互效應極顯著。改變水稻播期首先會影響到結實率和每穗平均總粒數,其次是單位面積有效穗數,欲奪取水稻高產,應在保證一定有效穗數的前提下,主攻大穗和提高結實率。
關鍵詞:秈稻;粳稻;播期;葉齡;生育期;產量
中圖分類號:S511;S352.1 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2015)21-5211-05
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.21.003
Effects of Sowing Period on the Yield of Different Varieties of Indica and Japonica Rice
ZHANG Yuan-hu, PAN Dian-jin, WU Ji-hong, ZHANG Wen-wen, HE Ying
(Jingmen Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Jingmen 448000, Hubei, China)
Abstract: A total of 4 rice varieties, the local representative indica hybrid varieties, conventional middle rice varieties and the newly introduced japonica varieties, were selected and comparison experiments with 6 planting dates were carried out. The results showed that, with the delay of sowing date, the whole growth period of rice shortened in different degree and the leaves emerged faster. However, the leaf number of main culm presented small changes. Early sowing was conducive to high yield for the indica hybrid mid-season rice, while affected the yield of japonica hybrid combinations less. The early indica rice and late japonica rice of conventional varieties should not be sowed early because the interaction effect of varieties and sowing date was significant. The change of the sowing date of rice would firstly affect the setting percentage and the average total grain number, followed by the effective panicles per unit area, so in order to obtain the high yield of rice, the premise of a certain amount of efficient panicle should be in the guarantee and then the big ears and the setting percentage be focused.
Key words: indica rice; japonica rice; sowing date; leaf age; growth period; yield
荊門市地處湖北省中部,屬亞熱帶季風氣候,習慣種植秈型水稻品種。近3年來,為了調整水稻種植結構、優化稻米品質、增加糧食收購企業效益和農民收入,荊門市實施水稻“秈改粳[1]”示范與推廣工程,取得了良好的開端。為進一步篩選適宜的粳稻品種和摸清最佳播期,開展了秈型雜交和常規中稻品種與新引進的粳稻組合或品系的不同播期對比觀察試驗,獲得了第一手技術資料。
1 材料與方法
1.1 試驗品種與地點及播期設置
選擇秈型雜交中稻揚兩優6號、常規品種黃華占和粳稻雜交新組合甬優4949、常規優質品種南粳9108共4個品種,設4月15日、4月25日、5月5日、5月15日、5月25日、6月4日6個播期。……