朱志鵬 黎俊儀 傅偉聰 陳梓茹 蔡曉樂 董建文



摘要:選擇2月中旬晴朗天氣,通過對冬季福州市3個蘭花專類園(分別位于遠(yuǎn)郊、近郊、市中心)6個監(jiān)測點的溫度、濕度、風(fēng)速、熱力指數(shù)、濕球指數(shù)、露點溫度等數(shù)據(jù)的采集,采用綜合舒適度指數(shù)模型進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。研究了3個蘭花植物園溫度、濕度、風(fēng)速及舒適度的日變化規(guī)律以及不同區(qū)位條件下的對比變化,并對蘭花植物園與福州市背景氣象數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析。結(jié)果表明,各蘭花專類園的溫度、濕度呈“U”字型變化,溫度在13:00~15:00時較高,7:00時最低;濕度在7:00時最高,13:00左右最低;風(fēng)速呈不規(guī)則式變化;綜合各下墊面,人體感覺舒適的時間呈U字型變化;冬季3個點皆為林緣舒適度高于園內(nèi);3個蘭花植物園的舒適度對比為遠(yuǎn)郊<近郊<市區(qū);與市區(qū)背景氣象數(shù)據(jù)相比得出,3個蘭花植物園的相對濕度大于市區(qū),平均溫度及平均風(fēng)速明顯小于市區(qū)。
關(guān)鍵詞:蘭花植物園;小氣候;日變化;舒適度對比
中圖分類號:S682.31;Q988 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2015)21-5313-05
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.21.027
Comparasion on Comfortable Level in Orchid Botanic Gardens of Fuzhou in Winter
ZHU Zhi-peng, LI Jun-yi, FU Wei-cong, CHEN Zi-ru, CAI Xiao-le, DONG Jian-wen
(College of Landscape Architecture,F(xiàn)ujian Agriculture and Forestry University,F(xiàn)uzhou 350002,China)
Abstract: Selecting a sunny day in mid-February, through the collection of data such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, thermal index, web bulb index and dew point temperature on 6 monitoring point in 3 orchid specialized gardens (being respectively located in outer suburbs, suburbs and the downtown) in Fuzhou City in winter, “integrated comfort algorithm index” model was adopted to carry on data analysis. The daily change rule of temperature, humidity, wind speed and comfortable level in 3 orchid botanic gardens and comparative change were studied, and correlation analysis between background meteorological data of orchid botanic garden and Fuzhou City. Results showed that temperature and humidity in every orchid specialized garden presented font variation of U, the temperature during the time from 13:00 to 15:00 was higher, and the temperature was the lowest at 7:00; The humidity was the highest at 7:00, and the humidity was the lowest at 13:00; Wind speed presented irregular style change. The integration of time for which human body feeled comfortable on underlying surface, which presented font variation of U; Each comfortable level on forest edge on 3 points was higher than that of the garden inside; Each comfortable level in 3 orchid botanic gardens respectively located in outer suburbs, suburbs and the downtown was contrasted to show that outer suburbs
蘭科(Orchidaceae)是被子植物中的大科之一,是生物多樣性保護(hù)中備受重視的類群。據(jù)《中國植物志》記載[1-3],福建省蘭科植物的屬數(shù)占中國蘭科植物總屬數(shù)(171屬)的39.2%,種數(shù)占中國蘭科植物總種數(shù)(1 247種)的13.2%,表明福建省蘭科植物種類比較豐富、屬種數(shù)較多,是中國蘭科植物資源較豐富的地區(qū)之一[4]。
目前國內(nèi)外對于蘭花植物的研究主要集中在蘭科植物的分類以及蘭科植物的栽培和保育方面[5,6],鮮見關(guān)于蘭花植物園對人體舒適度影響的研究。研究表明城市森林能有效吸收和反射輻射,降低遮陰區(qū)的溫度,并通過蒸散作用降低空氣溫度,增加相對濕度[7,8],繼而顯著改善城市的小氣候,提高人體舒適度[9]。……