頁巖氣勘探開發中的認識與哲學思辨

頁巖氣勘探開發中的認識與哲學思辨

高靜1，丁昊明2

(1.延長油田股份有限公司永寧采油廠，陜西延安716000；2.陜西延長石油(集團)

有限責任公司研究院，陜西西安710075)

摘要：頁巖氣勘探開發過程中，需要更深入、更系統的認識頁巖儲層。針對美國頁巖氣成功開發的先例，綜述了美國頁巖氣勘探開發的歷史和應用的重點實用技術，指出了美國頁巖氣勘探開發的幾個關鍵因素。結合中國頁巖氣勘探開發現狀，總結了國內需要參考的美國頁巖氣的勘探開發已取得的經驗和認識，提出了中國頁巖氣勘探開發應該注意的幾個關鍵性問題，用辯證唯物主義的馬克思哲學觀正確、全面、辯證看待這一新興能源，希望為中國頁巖氣勘探開發提供有益的討論和補充。

關鍵詞：頁巖氣；水力壓裂；水平井；非常規能源；勘探開發；哲學思維

中圖分類號：TE11

作者簡介：第一高靜(1986年生)，女，碩士，工程師，2012年畢業于中國石油大學(華東)，主要從事地質勘察和設計工作。郵箱：183282477@99.com

Cognition and Philosophical Speculation of Shale Gas Exploration and Development

Gao Jing1，Ding Haoming2

(1.YongningOilProductionPlant,YanchangOilfieldCo.,Ltd.,Yan’an,Shaanxi716000,China；2.ResearchInstituteof

ShaanxiYanchangPetroleum(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an,Shaanxi710075,China)

Abstract:Shale gas exploration and development requires more in-depth and systematic recognition about shale reservoir. For successful shale gas development in U.S., history of U.S. shale gas exploration and development and application of important techniques were elaborated, and some key factors of U.S. shale gas exploration and development were proposed. Combined with shale gas exploration and development state in China, experience and cognition gained from U.S. shale gas exploration and development for domestic reference were summarized, and some key issues should be noted in China were put forward. The emerging energy should be should be treated correctly, comprehensively, and dialectically with dialectical materialism and Marxist philosophy. It was hoped to be useful for China’s shale gas exploration and development.

Key words: shale gas; hydraulic fracturing; horizontal well; unconventional energy; exploration and development; philosophical speculation

頁巖是一種黏土巖，是沉積巖的一種，由黏土物質經壓實、脫水、重結晶作用后形成，具有頁狀或薄片狀層理。頁巖既是烴源巖又是儲層，普遍富含有機質，總體上頁巖儲層呈現礦物組分復雜、儲層物性極差和天然裂縫發育等特征。頁巖氣是從頁巖中開采出來，成分是以甲烷為主的天然氣，行業內稱其為非常規天然氣。頁巖氣藏中的天然氣既有自由氣，又有吸附氣，其開采機理相對復雜。頁巖氣藏滲透率極低(10-5～10-6mD)，釋放天然氣的速度很慢，但是大多高產頁巖層分布相對平緩、厚度大、可預見性強、天然裂縫比較發育。……