甘肅榆中農村居民體力活動與其他心血管病危險因素的關系研究

王馨等

[摘要]目的探討農村體力活動與其他心血管病危險因素的關系。方法利用甘肅榆中農村心血管病及危險因素的流行病學調查資料進行統計分析。體力活動量采用梅脫-小時（MET_hr）為定量單位。結果本次研究有效問卷1087份。男女間文化程度和年收入差異有統計學意義（P<0.01），肥胖率和吸煙率有顯著差異（P<0.01）。勞作、家務、運動和交通體力活動中，農民的勞作日均活動量最高。高血壓人群及中心性肥胖人群的勞作和日均活動總量分別低于非患病人群，差異有統計學意義（P<0.01），交通和休閑運動量與各類心血管病危險因素之間的差異均無統計學意義（P>0.01）。調整人口學特征后，勞作活動量和日均體力活動總量的增加對中心性肥胖有保護作用，運動量越大保護作用越強（P<0.05）；同時高強度的勞作或增加日均活動總量對超重/肥胖有保護作用（P<0.05）。結論我國不同社會人口學特征的居民運動情況不同，國內應針對不同人群的體力活動特點制定指南，引導我國居民積極參加體力活動。

[關鍵詞]體力活動；心血管??；危險因素

中圖分類號：R181；R54文獻標識碼：A文章編號：1009_816X（2014）06_0464_04

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the relationship between physical activity （PA） and other risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Methods By using data of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors from epidemiological study which was carried out in Yuzhong Country in Gansu. Using the quantitative unit MET_hr to measure the energy expenditure of PA. Results There are 1087 valid questionnaires of the study. Education levels and annual income between male and female had a significant difference（P<0.01）， so did obesity rates and smoking rates. During toil， housework， excises and traffic of PA， the average daily energy expenditure of farmers reached highest. Work PA and daily total PA energy expenditure of hypertension group and central obesity group were lower than people who were not sick， there was a statistical significance （P<0.01）. The difference between the traffic and leisure_time PA energy expenditure and the risk factors of cardiovascular disease had no statistical significance（P>0.05）. After adjusting for demographic characteristics， the increase of work PA or daily total PA energy expenditure can protect people from central obesity， more PA energy expenditure makes more protective effect（P<0.05）.In the meantime， the high_strength work or increase of daily total PA energy expenditure can protect people from overweight/obesity（P<0.05）. Conclusions Chinese residents with different social demographic distribution have different PA characters， a PA guideline for different crowds should be formulated to guide Chinese residents to take part in physical activities positively.

[Key words] Physical activity； Cardiovascular disease； Risk factors

大量研究統計表明，體力活動（Physical Activity，PA）是影響心血管?。–ardiovascular Disease，CVD）的重要因素之一。缺乏體力活動可降低動脈血管彈性導致血壓升高[1]，同時可引起血糖升高、超重肥胖、血脂異常等，增加心血管病的發生危險[2]。另有研究[3]表明，體力活動量與心血管病風險或死亡率之間存在線性量效關系，即隨著體力活動量的減少，心血管病風險或死亡率升高。多項研究表明我國居民的體力活動水平較低，同時呈現下降趨勢，存在的問題包括缺乏鍛煉場地及設施、缺乏有效的科學指導、體育活動類型少、缺乏吸引力、城鄉差異和區域差異的存在等[4]。提示國內亟需加強對體力活動參加情況的宣傳和引導，提高居民的身體活動水平，積極預防心血管病等慢性疾病。本研究對甘肅榆中農村地區的心血管病及危險因素開展調查，探討體力活動與其他心血管病危險因素（高血壓、超重/肥胖、中心性肥胖、糖尿病、吸煙）的關系，為有針對性地開展干預提供參考和依據?！?br>