范衛紅 溫潔
Investigation on Cultural Dilemma Built by Official Property Declaration System in China
作者簡介:范衛紅(1975-),男,四川瀘州人,重慶大學法學院講師,重慶大學法學院博士研究生,重慶大學法學院經濟法研究中心研究人員,主要從事經濟法、行政法研究。
溫潔(1980-),女,重慶人,法學碩士,重慶市檢察院第一分院助理檢察員,研究方向司法行政制度。
摘要:公職人員財產申報法律制度是預防官員腐敗,促進陽光政府建立的重要制度。這項制度在我國啟動20余年仍未立法,有政治、經濟等多方面原因,而深層次原因是我國獨特的文化困境:儒家文化性善論的認知傳統,禮俗社會的政治取向,權力崇拜的心理特征,傳統財富觀的價值挑戰。這些文化因素都深深影響了公職人員財產申報制度的建立與實施,而解困之路就是建設現代廉政文化。
關鍵詞:公職人員;財產申報;文化困境
Abstract: More than twenty years have passed by after the legislation, official property declaration system in China have achieved some success while the essence of many problems haven't got practical solved. It has made one attentive focus in many fields for the effective prevention on corruption. Everyone in culture that is collective construction of every people is deeply affected. However, the deeper reason why official property declaration system in China hasnt been built completely as soon as possible is the unique cultural dilemma we are stepping into. Culture factors such as the cognitive traditions of doctrine of good nature in confucian culture, political orientation in Gemeinschaft, psychological feature in power worship and value challenge on the traditional view of wealth all have deep effects on building and implementation of the system. The road of resolving the plight is to creat a modern culture of incorruptibility.
Key words: public officer; property declaration; cultural dilemma
財產申報制度是現代國家廉政建設的產物,已然成為各國反腐倡廉的必備法律措施,而我國在20多年時間內卻遲遲不能立法并推行。本文試圖拋開政治經濟因素的分析,從文化中尋找解決的答案。
一、文化困境:阻礙財產申報法制定推行的深層次原因
任何一部法律的制定及良好運行,都必須和傳統文化很好的契合,進行本土化改良,否則就會出現“橘生淮南則為橘、橘生淮北則為枳”的狀況。而無論這顆法律之果長成什么模樣,其中必定有文化的形塑效果。正如費孝通先生所說,“文化是依賴象征體系和個人記憶而維護著的社會共同經驗。”[1](P19)我們在同一個文化體系中,經歷了類似的社會化過程,分享了關于這個民族的歷史以及文化共識,并且在頭腦中共享了一個“理所當然的世界”[2](P127)。……