楊 然吳氫凱
(1 南陽市中心醫院婦產科,河南 南陽 473009;2 上海交通大學附屬第六人民醫院,上海 200233)
TVT-O治療女性壓力性尿失禁48例臨床分析
楊 然1吳氫凱2
(1 南陽市中心醫院婦產科,河南 南陽 473009;2 上海交通大學附屬第六人民醫院,上海 200233)
目的探討經閉孔尿道中段無張力懸吊術(TVT-O)治療女性壓力性尿失禁(SUI)的手術療效及安全性。方法回顧性分析48例應用TVT-O手術治療SUI患者術前及術后2個月、6個月及1年的療效,評價尿道中段懸吊術的效果及安全性。結果①單純行TVT-O手術平均用時20(11~30)min,術中平均出血14 (7~20)mL。②患者術后排尿正常,術中無尿道及膀胱損傷,無神經及血管損傷等并發癥發生。③5例術前合并尿急患者中4例術后癥狀自行改善,2例患者術后尿急,口服托特羅定后癥狀緩解。分別于術后2個月、6個月和1年隨訪,療效評價主要依靠患者的主觀感受,即尿失禁癥狀的改善程度和滿意度,以及指壓實驗和墊實驗。結論TVT-O手術操作簡便,創傷小,并發癥少,療效滿意,是治療女性SUI的安全有效方法。
女性壓力性尿失禁;經閉孔尿道中段無張力懸吊術;生活質量
壓力性尿失禁(stress urinary incontinence,SUI)是婦科常見疾病,嚴重影響生活質量。女性人群總體發病率國外文獻報道為10%~20%[1],國內文獻報道為22.9%[2]。壓力性尿失禁的手術治療日臻完善。經陰道無張力吊帶術(tension—free vaginal tape suspension,TVT)已成為目前治療SUI的金標準。de Leval[3]于2003年報道了1種新的改良的術式(tension free vaginal tape obturator technique,TVT-O)。本研究總結了2010年1月至2011年11月進行的TVT-O手術情況及術后隨訪結果。
1.1 一般資料
2010年1月至2011年11月我院婦產科確診的壓力性尿失禁患者48例,入選標準:①病史中咳嗽、大笑或打噴嚏時有漏尿;②壓力試驗陽性、指壓試驗陽性、1 h尿墊試驗漏尿量>10 g[4];③1 h尿墊試驗漏尿量2~10 g,保守治療失敗;④尿常規和尿培養檢查結果正常,尿動力學檢查排除逼尿肌不穩定及尿道梗阻;⑤無尿失禁手術史;⑥非妊娠狀態;⑦無泌尿生殖系統及消化系統惡性腫瘤;⑧無神經系統疾病;⑨依據盆腔器官脫垂定量(POP-Q)分度法,排除盆腔器官Ⅲ度及以上脫垂或膨出的患者。
1.2 手術方法
①手術材料:強生公司生產的無菌聚丙烯網狀吊帶,大小1.1 cm ×45 cm,雙側各帶1枚螺旋穿刺針,并配置金屬蝶形導引桿1枚。②麻醉及體位:全部采用腰硬聯合麻醉。取膀胱截石位。③TVT-O手術步驟:a.插18號Foley導尿管,排空膀胱。b.皮膚切口:平陰蒂水平,與大陰唇皺褶交點外2 cm處,切口約0.5 cm。陰道切口:以陰道前壁正中線尿道外口約1 cm處向下縱行切開1.5 cm。c.穿刺通道:腦膜剪自陰道切口向外上45°角分離陰道黏膜下間隙,達閉孔窩處,蝶形導引桿沿分離孔插入,有落空感即達閉空膜。d.放置吊帶:用右手持穿刺針沿患者右側蝶形導引桿穿入,旋轉導引針手柄,并穿向皮膚切口,引導吊帶經皮膚切口拉出。同法用左手持穿刺針處理左側。e.調整吊帶松緊度:將網帶正中置于尿道下,用止血鉗插入網帶與尿道之間,輕拉網帶,并向膀胱內注入生理鹽水300 mL,按壓膀胱時,觀察尿道口有尿滴溢出,除去網帶的塑料外鞘,剪除多余材料,縫合陰道切口及皮膚切口。
1.3 術后處理
因陰道內有切口,術后陰道內填塞碘伏紗布,24 h后取出,并拔出尿管。術后常規用抗生素預防感染。術后尿管拔除后常規行超聲檢查,測殘余尿量,若殘余尿量≥100 mL則再次留置尿管3 d。殘余尿量在50~100 mL的患者,可暫出院,1周后復測殘余尿量。
1.4 術后隨訪
于術后2個月、6個月和1年門診復查。療效評價主要依靠患者主觀感受,既尿失禁癥狀的改善程度和滿意度。進行指壓實驗,尿墊實驗。
手術時間最短11 min,最長30 min,平均20 min;術中出血量最少7 mL,最多20 mL,平均14 mL。術中無膀胱穿孔及尿道損傷,無神經損傷、出血及血腫等并發癥發生。術后24 h拔出尿管后,患者均排尿正常,無明顯疼痛不適。分別于術后2個月、6個月和1年隨訪,均無排尿困難、尿路感染及尿失禁復發,手術效果滿意。
TVT-O手術優于TVT手術,雖同樣于尿道中段置入聚丙烯吊帶,但由于TVT-O穿刺路徑不經恥骨后間隙,而經雙側恥骨降支緊貼兩側閉孔穿出,避開膀胱、尿道及恥骨后間隙,減少了膀胱、尿道損傷,減少了神經、血管損傷,減少了盆腔出血及血腫形成等并發癥,不需常規行膀胱鏡檢查,縮短了手術時間[3,5]。
TVT-O手術主要適用于女性中重度壓力性尿失禁,術前行超聲檢查,尿動力學檢查,必要時行尿道膀胱鏡檢查,排除嚴重的急迫性尿失禁、膀胱出口梗阻以及逼尿肌無功能的情況,排除膀胱結石、腫瘤、憩室等情況。本研究術前合并混合性尿失禁的5例患者,術后4例未再出現尿頻、尿急等癥狀,術后1例仍有尿急,經口服托特羅定后癥狀改善,說明混合性尿失禁不是TVT-O手術的絕對禁忌。Paick等[6]指出對混合患者性尿失禁行經閉孔吊帶手術治愈率達82%。對行TVT-O手術的患者,于術后2個月、6個月和1年門診隨訪,術后無尿失禁復發,無泌尿系感染,無尿潴留,質量評分較術前有顯著性提高,與文獻報道[7,8]一致。綜上所述,TVT-O手術治療女性壓力性尿失禁操作簡便,手術創傷小,手術時間短,無膀胱、尿道損傷,等,且療效確切,效果滿意,大大改善了患者的生活質量,近年來在國內的應用日益廣泛。
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TVT-O Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence Clinical Analysis of 48 Cases
YANG Ran1, WU Qing-kai2
(1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang 473009, China; 2 The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China)
ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of transobturator tension-free vaginal tape (TVT-O) by 1-year follow-up.MethodsThe data of 48 female patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) were analyzed retrospectively. Preoperative and postoperative evaluations included physical examination, and urinary symptom, Qmax, post-voiding residual (PVR), and quality of life scale questionnaires. The anti-incontinence procedure was TVT-O through the anterior vaginal wall.Results①The mean time of operation was 20 minutes (11-30 min),mean bleed loss was 14 mL(7-20 mL). ②The patients had normal urination after the surgery, the surgical was very smooth without damage to the urethra and bladder, there weren’t nerve and blood vessel damage complications during the operation. ③There were 4 cases improved themselves among the 5 merge urgency patients before the operation, urgency arised in 2 cases after surgery, and the symptoms was mitigated after oral tolterodine. The 1 h pad test of 2 months, 6 months and 1 year after operation judging the efficacy of the operation rely mainly on the patient’s subjective experience, that the degree of improvement of symptoms of urinary incontinence and satisfaction, as well as experimental and shiatsu mat experiment.ConclusionsTVT-O is a surgery that is easy to operate. It has few complications, satisfled short-term cure rate and quality of life. The impact on sexual life and long-term results still need further evaluation.
Female stress urinary incontinence; Tension-free vaginal tape-obturator technique(TVT-O); Quality of life
R694+<.54 文獻標識碼:B class="emphasis_bold">.54 文獻標識碼:B 文章編號:1671-8194(2014)23-0054-02.54 文獻標識碼:B
1671-8194(2014)23-0054-02
B 文章編號:1671-8194(2014)23-0054-02