摘 要:本文利用STR模型考察了我國2000—2011年間貨幣供應量、利率與物價間的關系。研究表明,貨幣供應量和利率對物價的影響都是非線性的,其中貨幣供應量的影響是正向的,而且在不同經濟狀態下影響程度不同,在高利率水平下影響更突出;利率低時對物價的影響是負向的,此時加息是治理通貨膨脹的有效手段,但當利率水平過高時,受制于“成本渠道”效應的影響,提高利率將進一步加劇通脹壓力。因此,央行調控物價時應充分考慮所處的經濟狀態,合理選擇兩種不同的調控方式,以取得預期調控效果。
關鍵詞:利率;貨幣供應量;CPI;STR模型
Abstract:This paper studies the relationship among money supply,interest rate and price in China from 2000 to 2011 by using STR model. The result shows that money supply and interest rate have always had a non-linear effect on price and the effect of money supply is positive. The level of impact is different under different economic environments. The impact is more significant when the interest rate is high. The impact of interest rate on price is nonlinear,too. But its impact is passive when the interest rate is low,so it is reasonable to raise interest rate to control inflation. However,when interest rate is very high and it is constrained by the effect of“cost channel”,raising interest rate will further exacerbate the inflation pressure. Therefore,when regulating the price,the central bank should take the economic situation into account and choose two kinds of regulatory instruments reasonably to control the price level as it is expected.
Key Words:interest rate,money supply,CPI,STR model
中圖分類號:F820.1 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1674-2265(2013)11-0008-06
收稿日期:2013-10-15
作者簡介:王玉華(1971-),男,哈爾濱工業大學技術經濟及管理專業博士研究生,供職于中國人民銀行淄博市中心支行,高級經濟師;陳寶衛(1979-),男,供職于中國人民銀行淄博市中心支行,會計師;馮波(1975-),男,供職于中國人民銀行淄博市中心支行,經濟師;楊釗(1989-),男,供職于中國人民銀行淄博市中心支行。
一、引言
中央銀行貨幣政策的最終目標是保持貨幣幣值穩定,并以此促進經濟增長。貨幣幣值的穩定直接體現在物價水平上。中央銀行在穩定物價、調控經濟方面普遍采用兩種手段,即利率調控這一價格工具和貨幣供應量調控這一數量工具。中央銀行利用這兩種工具進行調控的效果一直是社會各界關注的問題。
從理論上講,貨幣供應量對價格的影響是正向的,因為由費雪方程式可知,在短期內,國內總產出和貨幣流通速度一般是常量,貨幣供應量直接影響著物價水平。……