朝鮮歌劇《梁祝》“娘家”化蝶

40載如水流年，朝鮮的《賣花姑娘》《紅樓夢》《梁山伯與祝英臺》先后在中朝各地巡演近千場，都令觀眾淚濕衣襟，廣受好評。在這成功的背后，凝聚了太多中朝文化交流融合的元素。

2011年11月21日晚上，地處錢塘江邊的杭州大劇院里正在上演一場朝鮮版的歌劇《梁山伯與祝英臺》。

隨著一陣委婉動聽的小提琴協奏曲《梁祝》的旋律在大劇院里響起，紅色的絲絨大幕徐徐拉開，祝英臺、梁山伯身穿中國古代的服裝、鞋帽，雙雙踱上舞臺，動作優美，令人陶醉。

這部為紀念中國人民志愿軍赴朝參戰60周年而編創的《梁祝》歌舞劇，由朝鮮血海歌劇團排演。血海歌劇團是在朝鮮民主主義共和國兩代領導人金日成和金正日的特別關懷下于1971年7月17日成立的，建團以來先后有150多位藝術家榮獲人民藝術家、人民演員和功勛演員稱號。該團因創作了經典革命歌劇《血海》而得名，此后又創作了《賣花姑娘》《黨的好女兒》《金剛山之歌》等眾多優秀歌劇作品。

這次血海歌劇團排演的朝鮮版《梁山伯與祝英臺》在本國各地演出成功后，便應中國文化部邀請在杭州、上海、沈陽等地巡演，其演職員陣容有近200人，總導演由朝鮮人民藝術家蔡明錫擔任，人民藝術家、大型團體操《阿里郎》的編舞金睦龍擔任編舞，優秀青年演員吳青松、崔藝玉分別飾演劇中的梁山伯與祝英臺。全劇“喬裝求學”、“草橋結拜”、“萬松書院”、“同窗三載”、“大紅花轎”等6場10景依次展現，將梁山伯與祝英臺的凄美愛情演繹得纏綿悱惻。

在“梁祝”故地浙江上演的朝鮮版《梁祝》，既內含大量中國文化藝術元素，又有朝鮮文化的特色，可以說是中朝文化交流的結晶，也是中朝友誼的象征。

為適合中國觀眾欣賞，蔡明錫導演在創作中加入了許多中國文化元素。整臺歌劇以中國觀眾熟悉的小提琴協奏曲《梁祝》的旋律開始，布景設計則借鑒了宋代山水畫風，舞臺上被粉紅色菊花點綴的傳統中國建筑很快映入觀眾的眼簾，不覺讓人眼前一亮：假山、梅花、紅柱、白墻、黑瓦，極富中國文化特色；特別是梁、祝兩人當年求學的萬松書院和西湖、雷峰塔景點等浙江元素，讓觀眾既熟悉又親切。在表演“萬松書院求學”一幕中，朝鮮演員用賽詩的方式來呈現兩人的傾慕之情，產生了非常強烈的效果，引起杭州觀眾的共鳴。演出結束，走出劇場的許多觀眾驚嘆：這出《梁祝》簡直就是杭州的宣傳片。

整場演出在完整表達中國經典故事原著的基礎上，融入了大量朝鮮文化藝術元素。在歌劇中運用“旁白”表現手法，氣勢磅礴，雖然用的是朝鮮語，但觀眾因熟悉劇情，仿佛都聽懂了意思；在舞蹈編排上，將朝鮮舞蹈與中國舞蹈相結合，不僅浪漫優美，讓觀眾如癡如醉，而且呈現了濃郁的中朝文化藝術融合的獨特魅力。

朝鮮歌劇演員身上的120套服裝和60套舞蹈演員服裝都是浙江小百花越劇團的戲劇服飾專家藍玲的工作室人員手工精心制作而成；舞美道具則由中國國家話劇院舞美燈光師王堯帶領的中方舞美小組提供，道具樣樣考究、精致，小到換景的“小推車”，大到體現中國藝術元素的布景，都得到了中國文化部等方面的大力支持，為歌劇增色不少。

劇中有三段歌舞的確讓人驚艷。“十八相送”時，梁祝二人劃船而過。突然，一群活潑可愛的鵝從船頭現身。仔細一看，原來是女演員們把鵝道具套在手臂上進行表演。只有這樣，鵝的姿態才能活靈活現。

“化蝶”是全劇高潮，當為追求愛情的祝英臺縱身躍入梁山伯的墳墓后，舞臺一片黑暗。此時，幾十位女演員身披蝶衣在舞臺上展翅，祝英臺和梁山伯也化成兩只大蝴蝶在舞臺中間翩翩飛舞。現場由于結合了多媒體聲光電技術的舞美設計，通過光線、特效的輔助，形成了中國傳統藝術“亦真亦幻”的美感境界。

在兩個多小時的演出中，朝鮮血海歌劇團的演員們用精湛的表演、優美的唱詞及婀娜的舞姿，征服了在場所有觀眾，杭州大劇院里不時響起陣陣熱烈的掌聲。

浙江省委常委、宣傳部長茅臨生等領導觀看了演出，并走上舞臺祝賀朝鮮演員演出成功。

朝鮮歌劇《梁祝》突出中國風格，又充分體現了朝鮮文化特色。（任瓏 攝）

The DPRK version of Butterfly Lovers highlights both Chinese and Korean styles.

朝鮮版《梁祝》在“娘家”化蝶。（任瓏 攝）

The DPRK version of Butterfly Lovers present the dramatic moment.

朝鮮歌劇《梁祝》的舞臺布景中充滿西湖、雷峰塔、萬松書院等浙江元素。

（劉力航 攝）

The settings of DPRK version depict the lake scenery of Hangzhou.

朝鮮歌劇《梁祝》演員服裝均由浙江小百花越劇團著名服裝師藍玲所主持的工作室手工縫制。

The costumes for the DPRK version of Butterfly Lovers were created by Hangzhou artists.

DPRK Artists Stage Butterfly Lovers Where Romance Blossomed

By Zhong You

On the evening of November 21， 2011， artists of Phibada Opera Troupe of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) staged a Korean version of ancient Chinese love tragedy best known as “Butterfly Lovers” at Hangzhou Grand Theater on Qiantang River.

Hangzhou is where the romance first blossomed hundreds of years ago when a young man and a young woman studied together at an academy of Chinese classics. Over the past decades， the story has been adapted to various regional opera genres， television dramas， and films. A namesake violin concerto has made “Butterfly Lovers” well known all over the world among music lovers and serves as a milestone in China’s cultural landscape.

The DPRK version is something brand new to Chinese audience familiar with a full range of interpretations. It was created in honor of the 60th anniversary of the Chinese Volunteers Army’s engagement of Korea War. Founded in July 17， 1971 with concerns of top DPRK leaders， Phibada Troupe has created some impressive opera plays， which have been highly popular with Chinese audience.

After a tour across China staging the DPRK’s version of “Butterfly Lovers，” the troupe was invited by the Ministry of Culture to present additional performances in Shanghai， Hangzhou and Shenyang.

The opera play was directed by Chae Myeong-Suk， a People’s Artist who has directed the opera A Dream of Red Mansions， and the choreographer is Kim Mok-Yong， another People’s Artist who has choreographed the grand group calisthenics Arirang. Nearly 200 artists took part in the show.

In order to enable Chinese audience to better appreciate the foreign version of the familiar legend， the director added quite a few Chinese elements. The play starts with a melody from the violin concerto; the stage background shows the landscape style of the Song Dynasty (960-1279); plum flowers， red pillars， white wall， black roof tile are all cultural symbols quite familiar to Chinese theatergoers; the scenery of the West Lake appears in the settings. No wonder many audience members in Hangzhou commented that the play was literally a promotional show for the paradise city.

Thanks to the help from Chinese professionals， the legendary romance looked extremely Chinese. 120 costumes for actors and 60 costumes for dancers were prepared by artists at Lan Ling Studio. Lan Ling is a costume designer working for Zhejiang One Hundred Little Flowers Yueju Opera Troupe. The dance stage design was provided by Wang Yao， a lighting engineer and stage designer of Beijing-based China National Drama Theater. All the support provided by Chinese artists was coordinated by the Ministry of Culture of the People’s Republic of China.

The more-than-two-hour gala convinced and conquered the audience of Hangzhou. They responded by warmly applauding.

Mao Linsheng， a member of the Standing Committee of CPC Zhejiang Committee and director of Information Department， and other provincial leaders watched the performance. After the show， the leaders came onto the stage to congratulate the DPRK artists on the spectacular success.

朝鮮歌劇《梁祝》在杭州大劇院演出，將梁山伯和祝英臺的凄美愛情演繹得纏綿悱惻。

The DPRK version of Butterfly Lovers relates a heart-touching romance.