三訪錢學森故居

提起錢學森，杭州人總有一份特殊的親近。他簡歷中的第一句話就是：“錢學森，漢族，浙江杭州人……”

從熙熙攘攘的解放路拐到馬市街，可以看到浙醫二院眼科中心的牌子，旁邊是靜靜的方谷園。白墻黑瓦的方谷園2號，就是錢學森故居所在地。

2011年是錢學森誕辰100周年。12月1日，杭州的錢學森故居張燈結彩，全面開放。浙江省委常委、杭州市委書記黃坤明和解放軍總參謀部高級工程師、錢學森之子錢永剛共同為錢學森故居開啟大門。揭牌儀式上，錢永剛略顯激動：“杭州是我父親和我們后代的故鄉，這里曾經是我父親生活過的地方……今天，他回來了，而且不走了……故居的揭牌，了了家鄉人一個期盼?！?/p>

其實，算上這次正式開放在內，我前后已經三次到這里探訪。每次走進深深的院宅，都有不一樣的感覺——從遠到近，慢慢觸摸到了老科學家塵封的童年時光。

一訪：懵懂的童年

第一次來到這里是二十多年前。當時，我還在讀書，學校就在方谷園隔壁。坐在錢學森故居偌大的天井里，甚至能隱約聽到母校傳來的瑯瑯讀書聲。

當時的我當然不知道這里曾住過怎樣了不起的人物，只覺得這是座氣派的三進民居，由兩個天井相連，還有一個后花園，朝前看很深，朝上看很高。房子為全木結構，主色調為老紅色，屋子里那些色澤暗陳的木質門窗，透露著一種充滿文化內蘊的氣息。

我記得，彼時故居還住著幾十戶人家，其中還包括我的同學，他們誰也不知道這是錢學森的房子。只因為這里場地大，適合孩子們奔跑、打鬧，大人們做家務、閑聊，所以每天下午放學后，這里總是熱鬧得很，人氣旺盛。

唯一讓人費解的是舊居門前房梁上那一排落滿灰塵的電表，最大那一只上，寫著“錢均夫”三個字，抄表員卻從來不抄那只電表。老人們說，這房子從前是錢姓人家的，后來他們家人都出國了，所以才讓大家來住。

很多年后我才知道，原來錢均夫就是錢學森的父親。20世紀初，這位沒落絲商的公子，因為才華出眾，被一位老富商欣賞，并把自己的女兒許配給了他，錢學森故居，就是這位千金小姐也就是錢學森母親的陪嫁。

在這里，錢學森度過了3歲之前的幼兒生活；1929年，他考入上海交通大學機械工程系后，每年都回到這里過寒暑假，大學期間還因傷寒，回杭州在此養病一年。1955年，錢學森和夫人、兒女沖破美國方面的阻力回國后，10月中旬一家四口特地從上?；睾贾莸竭@里尋根，并游覽西湖。

到60年代，錢老寫信給杭州市政府，要求將他長期空置的私有房產無償捐獻給政府，但政府一直未改其姓名，市房管局僅作代管產處理，并安排30多戶住房困難戶作為承租人租住在這里。根據杭州市房管局的檔案，方谷園2號的產權人至今都寫著“錢學森”的名字。

二訪：故世的心香

第二次探訪故居是2009年。當時，錢學森剛剛故世，我以記者的身份采訪錢學森在杭州生活的點滴。位于方谷園的這座故居，帶著我和錢學森重合的兒時回憶，自然成了采訪的第一站。

我來到這里，是錢學森故世第二天，與前二十幾年不同的是，這里已經開始修葺，住戶都已經搬走。因為老科學家的離去，小營街道特地敞開故居大門，向公眾開放三天，在正門一間客廳設了一個靈堂，接受公眾悼念。

廳內擺放著錢老的遺照，四周掛著記錄他生平的圖板和很多花圈、花籃，很多市民自發前來悼念。隔壁的小營公園內有錢學森的像，刻著他的生平。在像前，同樣放滿了寄托哀思的鮮花。

那天，我還第一次遇見了錢學森的兒子、中科院研究員錢永剛先生。錢永剛長得挺像他父親，尤其是那兩道濃眉。說話的語氣、下判斷時那種不容置疑性，顯露他頗為剛強的個性。

與其父親不同，錢永剛是個挺喜歡跑來跑去的人。他說，杭州他來過很多次，早在2004年初，他就曾與杭州市有關部門接觸過，如果杭州愿意把他父親的故居作為陳列館，家屬可以把錢學森的大批圖書等資料留在杭州——這一談，直接促成了后來舊居的重建保護工作。2007年開始，這里就已從普通民居升格到文保單位了。

三訪：情節的句號

與第一次的懵懂、第二次的突然不同，這次來到故居，從進門那一刻起，我的心里就劃出一個情節的句號。

響著“吱啞”聲的門，生銹的窗架，繁茂的大樹，都繞過粉飾一新的白墻，似乎在告訴來客這里積淀的歷史。大門正上方，新掛出一塊黑底綠字的牌匾，上寫著“錢學森故居”。

故居一樓的正廳里，有錢學森生平圖片介紹、手稿、博士學位證書，以及他寫給家鄉友人的書信。廳邊的藏書室，收藏了錢學森的著作，還有各類關于他的書籍100多本，是我省關于錢學森的書籍資料收存最全的地方。

故居二樓此前從未對外開放，修繕整理后，這里突出了“家”的溫馨和親切，不僅有錢老一家用過的牛皮箱、木箱、木床、木質梳妝臺，還有木質碗柜、銅鍋等帶著濃郁生活味的廚房用品。錢學森的書房中，安靜地擺放著筆墨紙硯，更是有著“江南書香門第”的獨特氣韻。

我在這里見到故居管理者吳建民先生。他說，這些家具都是錢永剛先生捐贈的，當年隨著錢學森從杭州遷到北京，后來到了錢永剛姑姑這里，現在這些東西經過半個多世紀，繞了一圈又回到了原點，很有意義。

吳建民說，修繕后的錢學森故居，“修舊如舊”保持原貌，包括故居二層和新收納的大量書籍、書信原件，以及錢老的生活用具等。這位故居負責人表示，要通過錢學森一家在杭州生活場景的再現，引導參觀者進入孕育一代奇才的“杭州墻門”中，感悟、思考這位科學巨匠成長的經歷和精神動力。

確實，如浙江省委書記趙洪祝在紀念錢學森誕辰100周年座談會上所說：“錢學森同志的高尚精神風范，集中體現了中華文化的深厚底蘊、追求真理的崇高品格、與時俱進的鮮明特征，永遠是我們的寶貴精神財富?！苯窈螅X學森故居將成為杭州和浙江黨史教育基地、青少年愛國主義教育基地和紅色旅游基地。一位科學家的風骨和胸襟，永遠留在了杭州。

（本文圖照除署名者外，均為夏之明攝）

故居中的中堂陳設 The layout of the front hall of the former residence of Qian Xuesen

1956年2月，毛澤東和錢學森在中國人民政治協商會議全國委員會于中南海懷仁堂舉行的宴會上親切交談。1955年，錢學森一家從美國回國后，他曾帶孩子到杭州故居尋根。（辛驊 攝）

Mao Zedong chats with Qian Xuesen at a banquet in Zhongnanhai in February 1956.

錢學森故居的門庭

A view of the faccedil;ade of the former residence of Qian Xuesen

故居天井與樓廳

A view of the patio of the former residence of Qian Xuesen

故居藏書室展覽和收存著錢學森著作以及關于錢學森的各種圖書。

The residence now holds a collection of books by and about the scientist.

故居內陳列的掛屏

A view of a display room at the former residence of Qian Xuesen

My Three Visits to Former Residence of Qian Xuesen

By Qi Yongye， our special reporter

Qian Xuesen (1911-2009)， a scientist who made important contributions to the missile and space programs of both the United States and the People’s Republic of China， started his brief autography with a simple statement: “I am a native of Hangzhou，” a statement that makes many local residents of Hangzhou proud.

The Qian family’s former residence is at 2 Fangguyuan， Mashi Street in Hangzhou， near the Second Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang University in downtown.

December 1， 2011 marked the 100th birthday anniversary of Qian Xuesen. On the day， the Qian family’s estate at Fangguyuan (the Chinese name means square valley garden) was officially unveiled and open to the public under the name of the former residence of Qian Xuesen.

I was there on the big day. It was not my first visit. In fact， I went to a school next door to the Qian family’s residence about 20 years ago. As a boy， I had no idea who had owned the stately residence. It is a large courtyard with three rows of houses， separated by two patios in between and graced by a back garden.

At that time， more than 30 households lived on the estate. The houses were of wood structure in dark reddish color. The wood windows hinted at a cultured tradition. My classmates and I had no idea the courtyard was the property of the Qian family. What puzzled me， however， was an electricity meter. It looked especially big among the row of small dusty meters. The man who came to read the meters never looked at the big one. On the meter was the name Qian Junfu. Old people explained that the courtyard had been owned by a Qian family. All of them had gone overseas and that was how these families moved in.

Years later， I learned that Qian Junfu was Qian Xuesen’s father. Qian Junfu was from a silk merchant’s family that had gone down in the world. A business tycoon appreciated Qian Junfu’s talent and married his daughter to the promising young man. The big property was the daughter’s dowry.

Qian Xuesen spent his life’s first three years at the residence. After he entered Shanghai Jiaotong University in 1929， he regularly came back to home in Hangzhou for winter and summer vacations. During his college years， he took a year off and came home to rest and recover from typhoid. In 1955， Qian and his family came back to China. In October of the same year， the family of four came to Hangzhou and visited the residence. In the 1960s， Qian Xuesen wrote to Hangzhou Municipal Government and wanted to donate the property to the government. The government declined the donation， but took it over and rented it out to more than 30 families in financial difficulties. The documents of Hangzhou Real Estate Administration show Qian Xuesen is the owner of the residence at Fangguyuan.

My second visit to the residence occurred on November 1， 2009. I went there as a journalist. Qian had just passed away on October 31. All the families living there had already moved out and a restoration project was under way. The residence was open to the public that day. A mourning hall was set up to receive public condolences. On the walls were photos showing Qian’s life and career. The hall was full of wreaths and flower baskets. In front of a portrait of Qian Xuesen set up in the nearby Xiaoying Park were fresh flowers placed there from people who came to mourn the demise of the fellow native.

On that day， I met Qian Yonggang， the son of Qian Xuesen and a research fellow of China Academy of Sciences. Unlike his father， Qian Yonggang travels a lot and likes meeting people. I learned that he had visited Hangzhou many times and that he had contacted the local authorities. He said the family was willing to donate his father’s books， manuscripts and documents to the city if the city was willing to turn the former residence into an exhibition venue. This communication between the family and the city government paved the way for the restoration project to start. In 2007， the residence was upgraded from an ordinary folk residence to a cultural heritage under the protection of the city government.

If my first visit to the estate was characterized by ignorance and my second by unexpectedness， then my third visit the other day put a period to a story. The restored courtyard tells a story of history. Above the gate to the residence is a black plaque bearing Former Residence of Qian Xuesen in the color of green.

In the front hall is an exhibition featuring the scientist’s life. I see photographs， manuscripts， his Ph D certificate and his letters to family and friends. A small library beside the hall holds a collection of the books he wrote. Also in the collection are about 100 books about him. No other library in the province holds more books on the scientist.

On the second floor， which has never opened to the public， are various furniture and objects the family once used: cow-leather suitcases， wooden suitcases， a wooden dressing table， a copper cooker， a wooden kitchen cabinet， a wooden bed.

The furniture and other objects were donated by Qian Yonggang. These things were carried to Beijing when Qian Xuesen moved northward. These things were later given to Qian Xuesen’s sister. These memorial objects are now home after more than half a century.

People in Hangzhou， especially the young， will be able to visit the residence and look into the scientist’s life and career， his patriotism， his contribution to the motherland.