摘要:采用大盆試驗(yàn)研究了氮素營養(yǎng)對(duì)蓮藕(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)生長和干物質(zhì)累積的影響,結(jié)果表明,適宜的氮素營養(yǎng)促進(jìn)蓮藕根系發(fā)育、增強(qiáng)根系活力,明顯增加蓮藕立葉數(shù)量和立葉面積、提高立葉SPAD值,從而增強(qiáng)葉片的光合作用能力、促進(jìn)生育前期光合產(chǎn)物的累積;適宜的氮素營養(yǎng)還能延緩葉片衰老、適當(dāng)延長蓮藕成熟期,促進(jìn)光合產(chǎn)物從葉片等器官轉(zhuǎn)移并貯存到收獲物中,最終提高產(chǎn)量。
關(guān)鍵詞:蓮藕(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn);氮素營養(yǎng);生長;干物質(zhì)累積
中圖分類號(hào):S143.3;S645.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):0439-8114(2011)20-4138-05
Effect of Nitrogen Nutrition on Growth and Dry Matter Accumulation of Rhizome Lotus
LIU Dong-bi1,ZHANG Xiao-yong1,2,DUAN Xiao-li1,YU Yan-feng1,XIONG Gui-yun1,CHEN Fang3
(1.Plant Protection and Fertilizer Science Institution, Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China; 2. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China; 3. Wuhan Botanical Garden, CAS, Wuhan 430074, China)
Abstract: Effect of nitrogen nutrition on the growth and dry matter accumulation of rhizome lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) was studied by pot experiment. Results showed that, rational nitrogen nutrition improved the development and activity of root system, obviously increased the number, total area and SPAD value of standing-leaf, hence improved the photosynthesis of leaves and the accumulation of dry matter in leaves. Rational nitrogen nutrition could also slower leaf senescence, appropriately prolong the ripening period of rhizome lotus, therefore improved the transportation and storage of dry matter from leaves to the product, and finally increased yield of rhizome lotus.
Key words: rhizome lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn); nitrogen nutrition; growth; dry matter accumulation
以地下膨大根狀莖為收獲物的蓮藕(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)是我國種植面積最大、產(chǎn)量最高的水生蔬菜品種,湖北省是全國蓮藕生產(chǎn)第一大省。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),2004年全國蓮藕總面積27.0萬hm2,總產(chǎn)量734.0萬t,湖北省蓮藕面積和產(chǎn)量分別約占全國總面積和總產(chǎn)量的25.2%和26.8%[1]。近十年來,湖北省蓮藕種植面積一直穩(wěn)定在6.3萬hm2以上,產(chǎn)量98.6萬~141.2萬t,單產(chǎn)1 020~1 250 kg/hm2。湖北蓮藕主要集中分布在孝感、武漢、仙桃、荊州等土壤比較肥沃的江漢平原地區(qū)[2]。田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果已證實(shí),影響湖北蓮藕產(chǎn)量的土壤養(yǎng)分限制因子依次為氮、鉀、磷、鋅和硼[3],氮和鉀分別排在第一位和第二位;同時(shí)湖北蓮藕主產(chǎn)區(qū)的調(diào)查結(jié)果表明,氮磷肥用量過高與鉀肥用量不足是湖北省蓮藕施肥中存在的主要問題之一,而肥料結(jié)構(gòu)不合理又是導(dǎo)致湖北優(yōu)質(zhì)蓮藕品種的產(chǎn)量潛力沒有得到充分發(fā)揮的重要原因[4]。已有研究通過盆栽試驗(yàn)明確了改善鉀營養(yǎng)可促進(jìn)蓮藕健康生長和產(chǎn)量形成[5],該研究將在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步探討氮素在缺乏、適量及過量條件下對(duì)蓮藕生長和產(chǎn)量形成的影響,以期闡明蓮藕氮素營養(yǎng)特性,為蓮藕生產(chǎn)制定合理的氮肥施用措施提供理論依據(jù)。……