摘要:采用盆栽試驗研究了蚯蚓堆肥對小白菜產量、品質及土壤性質的影響。結果表明,施用蚯蚓堆肥顯著促進了小白菜植株生長,改善了小白菜品質。施用蚯蚓堆肥處理的小白菜,除了展開度外,小白菜的株高、莖基粗、綠葉數均顯著高于施化肥的處理;產量比不施肥提高54.1%,比施化肥降低10.2%,維生素C和可溶性糖含量顯著高于不施肥和施化肥處理。蚯蚓堆肥處理與對照比較,土壤速效N、P、K分別增加15.68、10.71、24.30 mg/kg;與化肥處理比較,土壤速效N、P、K分別降低4.68、7.16、0.70 mg/kg。蚯蚓堆肥的加入改變了土壤的容重,使土壤疏松,增加了土壤的透水性及防止土壤表面板結,改良了土壤結構。
關鍵詞:蚯蚓堆肥;小白菜;品質;土壤性質
中圖分類號:S634.3.062 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2011)20-4142-03
Effect of Wormcast Application on the Yield and Quality of Greengrocery and the
Soil Characteristics
WANG Xiao-feng,CHENG Jie-min,WANG Zhi-feng
(Shandong Normal University, College of Population, Resources and Environment, Jinan 250014,China)
Abstract: The effect of wormcast application on the yield and quality of greengrocery and the soil characteristics was studied by the pots trial. The results indicated that wormcast application could increase greengrocery growth and promote quality. The plant height, stem diameter and green leaves with wormcast were preceded than that with traditional fertilization. The greengrocery yield in wormcast treatment was 54.1% higher than that in no fertilization treatment while it was 10.2% lower than that in traditional fertilization. The content of vitamin C and soluble sugar of greengrocery were highest in the wormcast application treatment. Compared with the contrast, the soil available nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium of the wormcast treatment increased by 15.68 mg/kg, 10.71 mg/kg and 24.30 mg/kg. Compared with the traditional fertilization, the soil available nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium decreased by 4.68 mg/kg, 7.16 mg/kg, and 0.70 mg/kg. The addition of wormcast changed the soil bulk density, loosened the soil, and increased the water permeability to prevent the sealing of soil, improved the structure of soil.
Key words: wormcast; greengrocery; quality; soil characteristics
我國在大棚蔬菜種植中,菜農喜歡重施見效快、使用方便的化肥,而輕施有機肥,但過多使用化肥易造成土壤板結、黏重、透氣性差,影響蔬菜正常生長,蔬菜病害頻發。這樣蔬菜種植在實現高產量的同時無法達到高品質。而施用有機肥不僅可提高蔬菜產量和營養、感觀、貯藏品質,還可顯著減少病、蟲害的發生,從而降低農藥的需求量,減少肥料和農藥的污染,進而提高蔬菜的衛生品質[1-3]。利用蚯蚓處理畜禽廢棄物是一項古老的生物技術[4],自20世紀80年代末,國內外許多學者致力于利用蚯蚓處理垃圾的研究[5-7],其中牛糞蚯蚓堆制物是一種優質的有機肥料,腐殖質含量高,含有豐富的N、P、K養分及多種微量元素和氨基酸[8,9]。通過小白菜盆栽試驗,研究蚯蚓堆肥對小白菜產量及品質的影響,其目的是驗證蚯蚓堆肥的肥效和農用的可行性。……