摘要:采集青海省西寧市城北區大堡子鄉和樂都縣碾伯鎮種植1~30年日光溫室蔬菜地耕層土壤及剖面土壤(1~100 cm),分析了土壤中有機質和氮素含量。結果表明,日光溫室耕層土壤有機質、全氮和速效氮含量明顯高于露地土壤,其有機質、全氮、速效氮含量最低值比露地(CK)土壤分別增加1.900 g/kg、0.405 g/kg、19.700 mg/kg。隨著土層深度的增加,土壤中銨態氮(NH4+-N)在0.375 1~0.435 1 mg/kg范圍內變化,變化最大幅度為0.060 0 mg/L;硝態氮在表層含量極高,60 cm以下硝態氮含量變化趨于穩定。隨著種植年限的增加,硝態氮(NO3--N)含量在0.946~45.400 mg/kg內變化;銨態氮(NH4+-N)含量總體上變化趨勢比較平緩。
關鍵詞:有機質;全氮;速效氮;不同年限;日光溫室
中圖分類號:S153.6 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2011)20-4156-04
Dynamic Study on Organic Matter and Nitrogen Changes in Soil of Heliogreenhouses of Different Years
WANG Yan-ping1,LI Song-ling2,L?譈 Jia-long3,LIU Zhan-ping1,CHENG Long-wei1
(1.College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;
2. Qinghai Academy of Agricultural Forestry Sciences, Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;
3. College of Resource and Environment,Northwest A &F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)
Abstract: Top soils and profile soils (1~100cm) in heliogreenhouses of different planting years (1~30years) were collected in Nianbo town of Ledu county and Dapuzi village of the north district of Xining. The dynamic change of soil organic matter and nitrogen in heliogreenhouses were studied. The results showed that the content of organic matter, total nitrogen and available nitrogen of Heliogreenhouse soil were significantly higher than that of open soil. The lowest values of organic matter, total nitrogen and available nitrogen in heliogreenhouses soils were 1.900g/kg, 0.405g/kg and 19.700 mg/kg higher than that of open soil respectively. The content of NH4+-N were 0.375 1~0.435 1 mg/kg in 1~100 cm soil layer. The content of NO3--N in the surface was very high, while became stable below 60cm. With the increase of cultivation years, the content of NO3--N increased from 0.946 mg/L to 45.400 mg/kg, while the content of NH4+-N changed slowly.
Key words: organic matter; total nitrogen; available nitrogen; different years; heliogreenhouse
日光溫室栽培主要靠人工進行調節及控制,以滿足蔬菜的正常生長發育,而且是在不受雨淋、連續施肥、連作的方式下種植,因此與露地土壤相比,日光溫室土壤條件、肥力指標發生了很大的變化[1]。設施農業人為地創造適宜動植物生長發育與再生產環境,是進行農業生產的一種特殊生產方式,也是實現高產高效的有效途徑[2]。隨著人們生活水平的提高和生活質量的改善,人們對蔬菜的需求已從“產量時代”跨入“質量時代”,追求無污染、優質、安全營養的食品已逐漸成為時代潮流。
青海省以日光溫室為主的設施農業已達
3 806.67 hm2,占全省蔬菜栽培面積28 693.33 hm2的13.27%,近年來菜農在設施蔬菜生產中,十分注意營養元素缺乏癥,而對營養元素過剩癥狀卻常常忽視。相當一部分農民追求高產心切,為了獲得高產和高經濟效益,在土壤養分含量已很高的情況下仍大量施肥。……