摘要:為解決中小規模養豬場沼氣發酵產物的合理利用,調查了安康市107個養豬場對沼氣發酵產物的利用現狀,并分別采集了16家養豬場附近4種不同類型土壤,測定土壤養分及鹽分含量。結果表明,各養豬場對沼氣發酵產物中沼液和沼渣的利用率不足50%,就近堆、排放較為普遍。堆、排放沼渣和沼液耕地土壤有機質、全氮、硝態氮、有效磷、速效鉀平均含量比未堆、排放耕地土壤分別增加了38.46%、11.39%、4.75%、11.02%、18.69%,對全磷和全鉀含量影響不明顯;在設施菜地施用沼液和沼渣土壤有機質、有效磷、速效鉀平均含量比未施用的設施菜地土壤平均含量分別增加了16.16%、12.30%、6.28%,全氮、全磷、全鉀及硝態氮含量變化不明顯;對4種不同土壤類型土壤鹽分含量及pH值均無明顯影響。養豬場沼氣發酵產物對提高土壤肥力,改善土壤性質有明顯作用,不合理利用引起的資源浪費,以及由此帶來的環境問題也值得關注。
關鍵詞:沼氣發酵產物;利用現狀;土壤質量;安康市
中圖分類號:S141.9 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2011)20-4166-04
Effect on Soil Quality of Biogas Fermentation Products in Small and Medium-scale Pig Farms
GUO Quan-zhong1,HUANG Chang-hong2,ZHU Ji-cong3,CHANG Quan-ji1
(1. College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ankang University, Ankang 725000, Shaanxi,China;
2.Technology Extension Station of Rural Energy, Hanbin District, Ankang 725000, Shaanxi,China;
3. Agricultural Comprehensive Service Stations of Shiti Township, Hanbin District, Ankang 725007, Shaanxi,China)
Abstract: The utilization status of biogas fermentation products in 107 pig farms in Ankang city was surveyed. Four different types of soils near 16 pig farms were collected and the contents of nutrients and accumulation of salts were also determined. The survey showed that there was less than 50% of utilization rate of biogas slurry and biogas residue of biogas fermentation in pig farms. Stacking or discharging near the pig farms were usual treatment methods for these products. The test results on soil showed that the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, NO3-N, available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 38.46%, 11.39%, 4.75%, 11.02% and 18.69% in soils stacked or discharged biogas slurry and residue, comparison with the soils of none stacked or discharged, while the contents of total phosphorus and total potassium had no significant change. In the soil of greenhouse, the contents of organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 16.16%, 12.30% and 6.28% in soil of stacked or discharged biogas slurry and residue comparison with the soils of not been stacked or discharged, and the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and NO3-N also had no significant change. In addition, the content of salt and pH value of the 4 different soils did not change significantly. The products of biogas fermentation in pig farms could improve the fertility and quality of soil, however, more attention should be paid to the environmental issues and waste of resources induced by irrational use.
Key words: biogas fermentation; utilization status; soil quality; Ankang city
規模養豬場是專業化、集約化生產方式,也是農業產業化經營的發展趨勢。但每年這些養豬場產生大量的糞便、污水等廢棄物,如果得不到妥善處置和充分利用,將對環境產生很大的危害,不僅惡化了畜牧業自身的生產環境,而且對周邊大氣、水、土壤等人類生存環境形成污染,嚴重威脅著城鄉的生態安全。目前國內外關于豬場廢棄物處理技術方面的研究報道較多[1-4],其中以沼氣工程為核心的生態型養殖場建設是養豬業較為普遍的發展模式,為解決養殖場環境污染,提供生產生活用能和有機肥源等方面發揮了極大的作用。……