摘要:通過在造林時(shí)混合配置8種寄主植物,研究在一年生、三年生、四年生檀香 (Santalum album L.)人工林中寄主植物配置距離、植株高度、胸徑、生長狀況等對檀香幼樹高徑生長的影響。結(jié)果顯示,木麻黃(Casuarina equisetifolia L.) 的樹高與檀香樹高呈顯著的負(fù)相關(guān),飛機(jī)草 (Eupatorium odoratum L.) 株高與檀香株高和胸徑呈極顯著的負(fù)相關(guān);在一定配置距離范圍內(nèi),假蒿(Kuhnia rosmarnifolia Vent.)、山毛豆(Tephrosia candida DC.)、相思(Acacia confuse Merr.)的配置距離與檀香幼樹生長呈顯著的正相關(guān);從寄主植物根系寄生的檀香吸盤發(fā)生情況來看,山毛豆是最佳寄主,木麻黃、蘇木(Caesalpinia sappan L.)、麻楝(Chukrasia tabularis A.Juss)次之,假蒿吸盤多但較??;飛機(jī)草最差。整體上看,寄主植物山毛豆和降香黃檀(Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen)對檀香的生長極為有利,是較佳的寄主;假蒿、蘇木、相思、木麻黃、麻楝其次,飛機(jī)草較差。
關(guān)鍵詞:檀香;幼林;寄主植物;混合配置;相關(guān)性;
中圖分類號:Q949.741.4;Q948.9;S753 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2011)20-4216-04
Influences of Growth and Arrangement Distance of Host Plants on the Growth of Santalum album Artificial Young Plantation
XU Yong-rong1,WANG Peng-cheng1,JI He1,DAI Guang-lun1,LI Xin-sheng2
(1. College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Key Lab of Horticultural Botany, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; 2. Yunfu Nannan Plantation Corporation Ltd., Yunfu 527300, Guangdong, China)
Abstract: The influences of growth and arrangement of 8 host plants in mixed artificial plantation on height, diameter of Santalum album L were studied. The results were as follows, there was significant negative correlation between the height of Casuarina equisetifolia L. and the height of sandalwood, very significant negative correlation between the height of Eupatorium odoratum L. and height and DBH of sandalwood, significant positive correlations among the arrangement distance of Kuhnia rosmarnifolia Vent., Tephrosia candida DC. and Acacia confuse Merr. and growth indexes of sandalwood in certain range. According to the occurrence of haustoria, T. candida was the best, C. equisetifolia, Caesalpinia sappan L. and Chukrasia tabularis A.Juss were better, the suckers in K. rosmarnifolia weremore but smaller, E. odoratum was the worst. Conclusively, T. candida and Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen were better hosts, then were K. rosmarnifolia, C. sappan, A. and confuse. C. equisetifolia C. tabularis; while E. odoratum was bad host.
Key words: Santalum album L.; young plantation; host plants; mixed arrangement; correlation
檀香(Santalum album L.)是檀香科(Santalaceae)檀香屬(Santalum L.)植物,主要分布于東南亞、澳洲和太平洋地區(qū),具有很高的藥用價(jià)值及經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值[1]。但是由于天然林的過度采伐,目前檀香自然資源幾乎消耗殆盡,現(xiàn)在三大主產(chǎn)國印度、印度尼西亞和澳大利亞均嚴(yán)格限制檀香木材及檀香粉、檀香根的出口,導(dǎo)致檀香木材供應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能滿足市場的需求,而且檀香心材價(jià)格高達(dá)600元/kg。我國檀香心材年需求量超過了3 000 t,而主要產(chǎn)地年供應(yīng)量不足2 000 t,因此檀香人工林培育成為解決我國和世界檀香木材需求的主要途徑[2]。
但是檀香屬于半寄生植物,根系不發(fā)達(dá),所需要的主要養(yǎng)分和水分依賴吸盤從寄主植物體內(nèi)獲得,因此寄主的選擇和配置是檀香人工栽培首先要解決的問題。……