摘要:對武漢市黃陂區野生白鵑梅[Exochorda racemosa(Lindl.)Rehd]的繁育技術進行了試驗研究,結果表明,不同藥劑及其處理濃度對野生白鵑梅種子的發芽率和枝條扦插成活率的影響存在著明顯差異。在扦插繁殖試驗中,以嫩枝扦插成活率最高,硬枝扦插的成活率結果極不理想;嫩枝扦插以1 000 mg/L的萘乙酸速蘸5 s處理的成活率最高;在種子繁殖試驗中,以1 000 mg/L赤霉素處理的種子發芽率最高,種子發芽的最適溫度為20 ℃,并且種子不存在休眠特性,可隨采隨播。
關鍵詞:白鵑梅;繁育;技術
中圖分類號:Q949.751.8;S604 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2011)20-4225-03
Breeding Research of Wild Exochorda racemosa
JI Xiao-mei1,CHEN Fa-zhi1,DONG Yan-fang1,YUAN Wei2,TONG Jun1
(1. Wuhan Research Institute of Forestry Fruit Trees,Wuhan 430075,China;
2. Wunaoshan Forest Farm of Macheng City, Hubei Province,Macheng 438300,Hubei,China)
Abstract: A series of tests about physiological characteristics and seedling breeding technology of Exochorda racemosa (Lindl.) Rehd in Huangpi district in Wuhan was conducted. The results showed that there was obvious difference in germination percentage and survival rate due to different treatment reagents and concentrations. In branch cuttage test, the highest survival rate occurred the soft branch cuttage test with 1 000 mg/L naphthylacetate treated for 5 seconds, the result of the hard branch cuttage test was not ideal. In the seed breeding tests, germination rate of seed treated with 1 000 mg/L gibberellin was the highest. The optimum germination temperature was 20 ℃. The seeds had no dormancy and they could be planted immediately after harvest.
Key words: Exochorda racemosa (Lindl.)Rehd; breeding; techniques
白鵑梅[Exochorda racemosa(Lindl.)Rehd]為薔薇科(Rosaceae)白鵑梅屬(Exochorda Lindl.)落葉灌木,多呈小喬木狀,是一種集觀賞、食用和綠化為一體的木本植物,在我國主要分布于華中及華東地區,黃河、淮河及長江流域均有野生分布。目前這一珍貴的野生植物還處于民間自生狀態,園林綠化中僅有少量應用,對其研究甚少。筆者經過幾年的試驗研究,初步了解了其生理特性及繁育要點,這將為這一優良野生植物的開發提供一定的幫助。
1材料與方法
1.1試驗地概況
試驗分別在武漢市林業果樹科學研究所和武漢法雅園林集團公司江夏區保福基地進行。武漢市林業果樹科學研究所位于武漢市東部,所在地海拔67 m,地理位置為北緯 30°30′60″、東經114°27′05″,年平均氣溫16.2~16.7 ℃,年降雨量1 140~1 265 mm,年平均無霜期237~271 d,土壤為黃棕壤,土層深厚。保福基地位于距武漢市70 km的南郊,地理位置為北緯30°09′14″、東經114°25′29″,海拔41.6 m,土壤以棕黃壤為主,屬丘陵地帶,境內崗嶺、湖汊交錯,地勢起伏不平,氣候溫和,四季分明,年平均氣溫約16 ℃,日照長,霜期短,年平均降雨量1 000~1 460 mm,自然條件較好,適宜發展農林業生產。……