摘要:試驗研究了丙草胺、丁草胺、殺草丹和苯噻酰草胺4種土壤處理除草劑防除水稻移栽田主要雜草的效果,及防除后雜草對氮、磷、鉀及水分的影響,試驗結果表明,50%丙草胺EW、60%丁草胺EW和10%殺草丹顆粒劑對水稻移栽田稗草、鴨舌草和異型莎草均有較好的防除效果,50%苯噻酰草胺WP對稗草和異型莎草有較好的防除效果,但對鴨舌草防除效果較差。4種土壤處理除草劑均能有效的控制水稻移栽田的雜草危害,改善田間光照和水肥條件,減少雜草對田間養分和水分的吸收,從而顯著提高水稻產量。
關鍵詞:土壤處理除草劑;雜草防除效果;養分;水分;產量
中圖分類號:S451.21 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2011)20-4197-04
The Influence of Four Kinds of Soil-applied Herbicides on Weed Control Effects and Nutrition in Transplanting Field of Paddy Rice
ZHU Wen-da1,ZHANG Hong-jun2,LI Lin1,HUO Li-yan1
(1.Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China;
2. Institute for the Control of the Agrichemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100026,China)
Abstract: The weed control effects and influences of four kinds of soil-applied herbicides, Pretilachlor, Butachlor, Saturn, and Mefenacet, on N, P, K and moisture in transplanting field of paddy rice were studied. It showed that 50% Pretiachlor EW, 60% Butachlor EW, and 10% Saturn Granule had better effects on E. crusgalli, Cdifformis and M. vaginalis; 50% Mefenacet WP had a good weed control effect on E. crusgalli and Cdifformis, while it didn’t worked for M. vaginalis. All four kinds of soil-applied herbicides could control weed well. With the increasing of weed control effects, the light penetration rate was markedly improved and the weeds absorption of nutrition and moisture was significantly reduced, resulting in prominent effects of yield enhancing.
Key words: soil-applied herbicides; weed control effect; nutrition; moisture; yield
水稻是湖北省的主要糧食作物,近年來隨著水稻栽培方式、耕作制度不斷變化,草害問題日趨嚴峻,田間雜草發生種類多、數量大,與水稻爭光、爭肥、爭水,嚴重影響水稻光合作用,干擾水稻生長,并且誘發和傳播病蟲害,是造成水稻減產的主要因素之一,每年雜草危害造成的稻谷產量損失率達15%以上[1-6]。雜草影響水稻結實以及干物質的生產和分配,使水稻光合速率下降,有效穗、穗粒重、結實率、千粒重和品質降低,能否有效控制雜草的危害,已成為水稻高產穩產的關鍵之一[7,8]。
試驗進行了50%丙草胺EW、60%丁草胺EW、10%殺草丹顆粒劑和50%苯噻酰草胺WP 4種土壤處理劑對水稻移栽田主要雜草的防除研究,并在雜草防除后測定了雜草的氮、磷、鉀和水分含量。
1材料與方法
1.1試驗地概況
試驗在湖北省農業科學院南湖試驗基地進行,試驗地為典型的稻油輪作田,土田平坦,肥力均勻,排灌方便?!?br>