摘要:蘿卜(Raphanus sativus L.)三交種對(duì)蘿卜雜交優(yōu)勢(shì)及組合力測(cè)定的研究目前在國(guó)內(nèi)外還很少開展,試驗(yàn)以4套蘿卜核質(zhì)互作型雄性不育系及10個(gè)父本自交系為試驗(yàn)材料,配制三交種及單交種組合,比較了三交種與單交種在產(chǎn)量、生物學(xué)性狀、抗逆性、抗病性及耐抽薹性方面的差異。3年的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,大部分三交種較單交種有抗病、高產(chǎn)的表現(xiàn),配制的9組試驗(yàn)組合中,6組三交種產(chǎn)量高于單交種,增幅在2.6%~52.5%;抗病性方面三交種普遍強(qiáng)于單交種;而耐抽薹性與親本特性密切相關(guān)。
關(guān)鍵詞:蘿卜;三交種;雄性不育系;異型保持系
中圖分類號(hào):S631.1,S603.6 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):0439-8114(2011)20-4205-04
Study on the Formulation of Triple Cross Combination of Raphanus sativus with Male Sterile Line and Heterotypic Maintainer Line
ZHANG Xiao-kang,XIONG Qiu-fang,ZHANG Xue-qing
(Wuhan Institute of Vegetable Science, Wuhan 430065, China)
Abstract: The study on the three-way cross combination of Raphanus sativus L. in determination of hybrid heterosis and combining ability was rarely carried out home and abroad. The difference in production, biological characters, stress resistance, disease resistance and resistant bolting between triple cross combination and single cross hybrid combination was studied using four sets of geno-cytoplasmic male sterile lines and 10 male parent inbred lines of R. sativus as the experiment materials. After 3 years of experiment, the results indicated: Most of the three-way cross combinations demonstrated better disease resistance and higher production when compared with single cross hybrid. In the 9 groups of experiment combination formulated, 6 groups of triple cross combination had higher production from 2.6% to 52.5% when compared with single cross hybrid, while in disease resistance, three-way cross combinations were generally stronger than the single cross hybrid, and at the same time, the bolting resistance was closely related with parent strain characteristics.
Key words: Raphanus sativus L.; triple cross combination; male sterile line; heterotypic maintainer line
蘿卜(Raphanus sativus L.)是中國(guó)栽培面積僅次于大白菜[Brassica campestris L.ssp. pekinensis(Lour.)Olsson]的重要蔬菜作物,但雜種利用率卻大大落后于大白菜、甘藍(lán)(Brassica oleracea L.var.capitata L.)、黃瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)、番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.)等蔬菜作物,目前蘿卜的常規(guī)品種仍然占據(jù)著市場(chǎng)的較大份額,其主要原因是雜交育種手段單一及一些技術(shù)障礙存在。現(xiàn)在普遍采用的雜交方式,一是利用雄性不育系配制一代雜種;二是采用自交不親和系配制一代雜種。利用自交不親和系制種,不能利用蟲媒及風(fēng)媒,必須采用蕾期剝蕾授粉或者采取化學(xué)藥劑處理柱頭方法,使制種成本提高,過程繁瑣。而利用雄性不育系制種,種子產(chǎn)量高、成本低。然而實(shí)際工作中發(fā)現(xiàn)保持系多代自交后會(huì)出現(xiàn)自交不親和性,在雄性不育系的留種過程中自交不親和性會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)入不育系中,使雄性不育系及其保持系繁殖出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的障礙。不過三交種的應(yīng)用可以顯著提高母本(單交種)的制種產(chǎn)量,由于母本生活力強(qiáng),對(duì)雜交一代商品種子的增產(chǎn)效果也十分明顯。……