摘要:選取20份巴西橡膠樹品系,將白粉病菌純化后進行大田鑒定和3種溫度下的室內鑒定,以評價各品系對白粉病的抗性并建立橡膠樹抗白粉病室內鑒定模型。結果表明,20個橡膠樹品系人工接種大田鑒定結果為高抗品系6個,抗病品系5個,感病品系3個,高感品系6個。在設置的22、25、28 ℃ 3個培養溫度條件下,白粉病菌菌絲長度存在極顯著差異,培養溫度越高,病菌菌絲生長速度越快,菌絲長度越長。同時發現3種溫度下白粉病菌菌絲長度比值不存在差異性,具有極其良好的穩定性。建立病情指數(y)與菌絲長度比值(x)的回歸方程為:y=-62.072+80.909 54x,該方程可用于預測巴西橡膠樹品系對白粉病的抗性等級。同時對橡膠樹白粉病室內抗性評價的分級進行了修改,結合回歸方程建立了巴西橡膠樹抗白粉病室內鑒定模型,旨在為完善高效的巴西橡膠樹抗白粉病鑒定評價體系提供基礎和技術支持。
關鍵詞:巴西橡膠樹;白粉病;室內鑒定;菌絲長度比值
中圖分類號:S763.7 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2011)20-4185-04
Establishment of Indoor Identification Model of Rubber Tree (Heveae brasiliensis) against Powdery Mildew(Oidium heveae)
TU Min1,CAI Hai-bin1,HUA Yu-wei1,PI Cai-xia2,HUANG Hua-sun1
(1. Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737,Hainan,China;
2. Agricultural College, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737,Hainan,China)
Abstract: Total of 20 rubber tree (Heveae brasiliensis) clones were chosen, and inoculated by purified powdery mildew (Oidium heveae). Then field identification and indoor identification in three kinds of temperature conditions were studied to evaluate the clone's resistance level and establish the indoor identification model. The result showed that the resistance-susceptibility difference of rubber tree clones was distinct: high resistance(6 clones), resistance(5 clones), susceptibility (3 clones), and high susceptibility (6 clones). In the conditions of 22℃, 25℃, 28℃, there are significant differences in powdery mildew hypha length. The temperature turned higher, and the hypha growed faster and longer. In the meantime, powdery mildew hypha length ratio showed non-differential with strong stability at three temperatures. Accordingly, the regression equation was established of disease index (y) and hypha length ratio (x):y=-62.072+80.909 54 x, which can be used to predict the resistance levels of rubber tree to powdery mildew. And the evaluation classification table of rubber tree resistance level to powdery mildew indoors was modified, which constituted the indoor identification model of rubber tree resistance to powdery mildew with the regression equation, to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for a high-efficient evaluation system of rubber tree to powdery mildew.
Key words: Heveae brasiliensis; Oidium heveae; indoor identification; hypha length ratio
橡膠白粉病是由粉孢屬真菌(Oidium heveae B.A. Steinm)危害引起,是世界植膠區分布最廣的一種病害,也是我國橡膠樹最嚴重的病害之一,給橡膠生產造成嚴重的損失。選育和使用抗病高產新品種是防治橡膠樹白粉病最安全、有效和經濟易行的途徑。因此,國內外對橡膠樹白粉病抗性的鑒定進行過一系列研究。印度尼西亞的Wastie等[1]用苗圃系比法(大田鑒定)測定了一些橡膠樹品系對白粉病的抗性,此法所需年限較長;……