摘要:采用RS與GIS技術(shù),研究東江源區(qū)2000年的土壤侵蝕狀況。利用研究區(qū)地形圖制作的數(shù)字高程模型(DEM),派生出坡度、坡向圖。借助于分布指數(shù),通過空間疊加分析,從高程、坡度和坡向3個方面對研究區(qū)的土壤侵蝕進行了定量分析,揭示土壤侵蝕在這3個方面上的分布特征。結(jié)果表明,土壤侵蝕是自然因子和人為因子綜合作用的結(jié)果,自然因素是土壤侵蝕發(fā)生、發(fā)展的潛在條件,而人類活動是土壤侵蝕發(fā)生、發(fā)展或減弱的主導(dǎo)因素。因此,轉(zhuǎn)變不合理的土地利用方式,加強植被的保育和重建是防治土壤侵蝕的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。
關(guān)鍵詞:GIS;分布指數(shù);土壤侵蝕;東江源區(qū)
中圖分類號:S157.1 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2011)20-4170-03
DEM-based study of Soil Erosion in Dongjiangyuan Region
XU Chang-rong,LU Yan-min,ZHOU Xue-lin
(Faculty of Architectural and Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China)
Abstract: By the technique of RS and GIS, the soil erosion of Dongjiangyuan in 2000 was studied. Digital elevation mode (DEM) was firstly made based on the relief map of the researched area, and the slope and aspect map were computed from the DEM. The terrain factors (elevation, slope and aspect) and distribution index were overlapped to analyze the soil erosion. The results showed that the soil erosion was the result of synthetic action of the natural factors and human factors. Natural factors were the potential condition of the occurrence and development of the soil erosion, and human activity was the dominant factor of the soil erosion occurrence, development and weakness. Therefore, it was very important to protect vegetation and to change the unreasonable land use patterns for preventing the soil erosion of this region.
Key words: GIS; distribution index; soil erosion; Dongjiangyuan
土壤侵蝕是在水力、風(fēng)力、冰凍和重力等作用下,土壤、母質(zhì)及其他地面組成物質(zhì)被破壞、剝蝕、轉(zhuǎn)運和沉積的過程[1]。土壤侵蝕導(dǎo)致土壤退化,土地資源劣化,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)失調(diào),引起泥沙沉積,淤塞河湖水庫,危害農(nóng)田,對農(nóng)林牧等危害極大,對社會經(jīng)濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展構(gòu)成極大威脅。運用GIS空間分析等手段進行疊加和統(tǒng)計分析,通過分布指數(shù),定量分析了土壤侵蝕量與高程、坡度和坡向3個方面之間的分布特征,為東江源區(qū)的水土流失治理、土壤侵蝕防治規(guī)劃制定和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)提出科學(xué)理論依據(jù),對該區(qū)域因地制宜采取相關(guān)水土保持措施有著重要的意義。
1材料與方法
1.1研究區(qū)概況
江西東江源是廣東東江的水源地,東江水被香港稱為“生命之水”, 是珠江三角洲和香港主要的飲用水源。……