摘要:為了篩選出煙草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)漂浮育苗替代基質(zhì)配方,用腐熟花生殼、河沙、蛭石進(jìn)行混配,采用配方對比育苗試驗(yàn)方法,研究了不同處理基質(zhì)的出苗率、成苗質(zhì)量和煙苗農(nóng)藝性狀差異,并進(jìn)行了成本分析。結(jié)果表明,以腐熟花生殼與河沙體積比8∶2和7∶3的混配配方育苗效果最好,與商品基質(zhì)差異最小,且成本較低,具備作為煙草漂浮育苗基質(zhì)的條件。
關(guān)鍵詞:煙草;漂浮育苗;基質(zhì)
中圖分類號:S572;S504.3 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2011)20-4213-04
Study on the Application of Decayed Peanut Bran in Nicotiana tabacum
Float Seedling System
CHEN Yong-de1,QIN Chun-hua1,GUO Li2
(1. Nanzhang Branch Company of Xiangyang City Tobacco Corporation, Nanzhang 441500, Hubei, China;
2. Xiangyang City Tobacco Corporation, Xiangyang 441003, Hubei, China)
Abstract: In order to screen for alternative medium of Nicotiana tabacum L. floating seedling system, decayed peanut bran, riversand and vermiculite was mixed. The sprouting rate, maturing seedling rate and agronomic traits of the seedlings was determined, and the cost was compared. The results showed that the comprehensive characters of N. tabacum seedlings were the best, the effect was closed to commercial medium when the seedlings were raised in 80% peanut bran+20% riversand or 70% peanut bran+30% riversand, which could basely meet the requirements of N. tabacum floating breeding medium.
Key words: Nicotiana tabacum L.; floating seedling; medium
漂浮育苗技術(shù)是由美國Speeding公司于20世紀(jì)80年代推出的,在1986年開始應(yīng)用于煙草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)生產(chǎn)[1],隨后逐漸得到推廣普及。漂浮育苗基質(zhì)是煙草漂浮育苗的基礎(chǔ),除了支持和固定植株外,更重要的是使來自營養(yǎng)液的養(yǎng)分與水分得以中轉(zhuǎn)[2]。目前漂浮育苗商品基質(zhì)中主要的成分是草炭,但由于育苗基質(zhì)都是一次性使用,消耗量大,重復(fù)使用率低,加上草炭是不可再生資源,受環(huán)境保護(hù)和濕地保護(hù)的制約,草炭資源的采挖受到了限制[3],所以結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)貎?yōu)勢資源尋找新基質(zhì)替代草炭成為目前煙草育苗研究的重點(diǎn)。研究表明,腐熟麥糠[4]、炭化谷殼[5]可以部分替代草炭作為基質(zhì)培育壯苗;也有研究者開展了腐熟甘蔗渣[6]、褐煤、秸稈[7]、砂[8]、紫色砂頁巖[9]、藥渣[10]等材料完全替代基質(zhì)中的草炭進(jìn)行育苗研究;這些研究結(jié)果表明,上述材料替代處理可以作為煙草漂浮育苗的基質(zhì),培育出的煙苗理化性質(zhì)協(xié)調(diào)達(dá)標(biāo),出苗快且整齊,成苗率較高,成苗農(nóng)藝性狀符合壯苗要求,而且還大大降低了育苗成本,并開發(fā)出了砂培育苗等新的育苗方法。……