顏曦明,李曉鷗,李東勝,董國紅
(遼寧石油化工大學 石油化工學院,遼寧 撫順 113001)
潤滑油餾分脫酸技術研究進展
顏曦明,李曉鷗,李東勝,董國紅
(遼寧石油化工大學 石油化工學院,遼寧 撫順 113001)
簡要介紹了環烷酸的危害和用處以及國內外脫酸技術的研究進展,重點敘述了目前煉廠常用的各種脫酸方法,如堿洗法,醇胺法,溶劑抽提法和催化加氫法,以及一些新興的離子液體法和微波輻射法,比較這些脫酸方法的優缺點。針對目前潤滑油餾分酸值日趨升高,而對其脫酸的研究較少的現狀,結合餾分油的性質,對今后潤滑油餾分脫酸的研究方向提出建議。
餾分油; 環烷酸; 脫酸
Abstract:The harms and use of naphthenic acid and the progress in research on deacidification technology at home and abroad were briefly introduced.The common methods of deacidification applied in refinery were detailed,such as alkaline method,alcohol amine method,solvent extraction and catalytic hydrogenation method.And some novel methods such as ionic liquid method and microwave radiation method were also presented.The advantages and disadvantages of these methods were compared.According to the present situation of the rising acid number of lubricating oil distillate,but lack of the study on the deacidification,some suggestions on research direction of deacidification of lubricating oil distillate were proposed combining with the nature of the distillate oil.
Key words:Distillate oil;naphthenic acid;deacidification
近年來,隨著原油資源的不斷開發利用,高酸原油的開采量隨之增多,其在石油加工中所占的比例也越來越大,這些油的酸含量均在1%左右,最高達5%以上[1]。原油酸值上升使得餾分油的酸值也隨之上升,減壓餾分油又是生產潤滑油的主要原料,因而用它生產的潤滑油酸值也偏高。石油的酸性組成主要是石油酸,有機酸、無機酸、酚類和硫醇。通常把脂肪羧酸,脂肪環烷酸、環烷酸等稱為石油酸,其中環烷酸是石油酸的主要成分,約占90%以上,因此習慣上又將石油酸統稱為環烷酸[2]。環烷酸主要集中在300~400℃餾分中,也就是說環烷酸大多集中在減壓餾分油中。
1.1 環烷酸的結構
常溫下環烷酸是一種難揮發性的黏稠性液體,結構復雜,分子量差別很大,大約在180~700之間變化,然而又以300~700之間的居多。……