李成吾,張天罡,周金華,左繼成
(1.沈陽理工大學 材料科學與工程學院,遼寧 沈陽 110168;2.沈陽桐赫日化有限公司,遼寧 沈陽 110044)
超聲輔助制高取代度羧甲基淀粉鈉的研究
李成吾1,張天罡2,周金華1,左繼成1
(1.沈陽理工大學 材料科學與工程學院,遼寧 沈陽 110168;2.沈陽桐赫日化有限公司,遼寧 沈陽 110044)
采用異丙醇溶劑二次加堿法,水浴加熱,并分別在堿化前、堿化中和醚化中施加超聲輔助作用,制備羧甲基淀粉鈉。研究了超聲輔助作用對淀粉顆粒形貌和產品取代度的影響。結果表明:隨超聲輔助作用時間增加,玉米淀粉顆粒變得光滑,大小也變得均勻;與無超聲作用比較,堿化前超聲輔助分散1h,取代度可提高50%;堿化和醚化反應中,超聲作用有礙反應的進行。
高取代度;羧甲基淀粉鈉;超聲輔助;異丙醇
Abstract:Carboxymethyl Starch Sodium was prepared by using isopropanol as the solvent and two step addition of alkali,under the condition of water bath and with the assistance of ultrasonic wave auxiliary before alkalization,during alkalization and etherification respectively.The effect of assistance of ultrasonic wave on granule appearance of corn starch and the substitution degree were investigated.The results indicated that the granule appearance of corn starch became smooth and the dimension became uniform with the increase of ultrasonic time.In contrast with without ultrasonic,the substitution degree increased by 50%if used ultrasonic for 1h before alkalization,and the chemical reaction was inhibited if the ultrasonic was used during alkalization and etherification.
Key words:High substitution degree;carboxymethyl starch sodium;assistance of ultrasonic wave;isopropanol
羧甲基淀粉鈉(簡稱CMS)具有羧基所固有的鰲合、離子交換、多聚陰離子的絮凝作用及酸功能等性質;也具有大分子溶液的性能,如增稠、糊化、水分吸收、黏附性及成膜性(包括抗脂性及抗水性)[1],因而被廣泛應用于日用化學品、食品、醫藥、紡織、造紙、石油鉆井、冶金等工業[2]。高取代度羧甲基淀粉鈉具有黏度高、穩定性好、可溶冷水、吸水性強等特點,其應用范圍更廣。目前,國外CMS產品已系列化,年產量在600萬噸以上,占淀粉總量的50%,國內工業化CMS產量10萬噸左右,大多數是中、低取代度產品(DS≤0.8),高取代度羧甲基淀粉鈉的制備工藝還處于研制階段。
CMS是由淀粉和氯乙酸或其鈉鹽在堿性條件下進行醚化反應制得。……