趙書言,周浩然,趙 蕊
(哈爾濱理工大學 材料科學與工程學院,黑龍江 哈爾濱150040)
殼聚糖緩釋微球的制備與表征
趙書言,周浩然,趙 蕊
(哈爾濱理工大學 材料科學與工程學院,黑龍江 哈爾濱150040)
以殼聚糖(Chitosan)、戊二醛(Glutaraldehyde)、尿素(Urea)為主要原料,采用乳化—化學交聯法制備尿素—殼聚糖緩釋微球。通過紅外光譜測試,分析緩釋微球的結構特征;通過掃描電鏡測試,觀察微球的微觀形貌;通過交聯度測試確定戊二醛的最佳用量;通過緩釋測試,測定殼聚糖微球的緩釋效果。結果表明:采用乳化—化學交聯法成功制備尿素—殼聚糖緩釋微球;交聯劑最佳用量為1mL;緩釋微球中尿素在48h后基本緩釋完全,表明制備的緩釋微球有良好的緩釋效果。
殼聚糖;微球;緩釋
Abstract:The urea-chitosan sustained release microspheres are prepared with using chitosan,glutaraldehyde and urea as the main raw materials by emulsification-chemical crosslinking method.The structural characteristics of sustained release microspheres are studied by infrared spectra.The micro-morphology of microspheres is observed by scanning electron microscopy.The optimum dosage of glutaraldehyde is determined by the test of cross-linking degree.The sustained release effect is measured by sustained release measurement.The results showed that the chitosan sustainedrelease microspheres were successfully prepared by emulsification-chemical crosslinking method,the optimum dosage of crosslinking agent was 1mL.Urea in sustained release microspheres released completely after 48h.It indicated that the sustained release microspheres had good sustained release effect.
Key words:Chitosan;microspheres;sustained release
隨著我國農業的發展,化肥需求量不斷增多,目前使用的化肥以速效肥料為主,雖然肥效快,但利用率較低,同時會造成環境污染[1]。緩釋型肥料,可以較好控制肥料養分的釋放速度,提高肥料利用率,有效防止肥料養分流失,從而達到減少施肥次數,延長肥效期,提高肥效的作用,因而該種肥料在農業中應用前景廣闊[2,3]。殼聚糖(chitosan)是由自然界中廣泛存在的幾丁質(chitin)經過脫乙酰作用得到的,化學名稱為聚葡萄糖胺[(1-4)-2-氨基-B-D葡萄糖][4]。殼聚糖具有可降解、安全無毒、可抑菌抗菌、良好的透過性等諸多的優點,目前人們已視它為一種良好的緩釋材料,并且廣泛應用于醫藥、化工、農業等各個領域。本文以殼聚糖和尿素為主要原料制備尿素—殼聚糖緩釋微球,并對微球進行結構表征及緩釋效果測試?!?br>