華松,蘭杰,宋永利,魯成龍,張涌
西北農林科技大學動物醫學院,楊凌 712100
綜 述
體細胞克隆牛產品安全分析
華松,蘭杰,宋永利,魯成龍,張涌
西北農林科技大學動物醫學院,楊凌 712100
體細胞克隆技術是將已分化的體細胞移到去核的成熟卵母細胞中,通過體外激活和培養,再移植入受體母畜子宮內,繁殖出具有相同基因型后代的一種技術。該技術可以大幅提升繁殖效率,并提供高質、充足和營養豐富的動物食品。近年來,美國、日本和歐洲等國家相繼宣布體細胞克隆動物食品可以上市。然而,目前體細胞克隆效率相當低下,即使是出生的克隆動物也往往伴隨發育畸形或高死亡率等現象,在對克隆動物發育異常知之甚少的情況下,宣布克隆動物產品上市是否為時過早?以下綜述了克隆牛肉、奶及其產品安全。
食品安全,體細胞克隆,牛
Abstract:Somatic cell cloning (nuclear transfer) is a technique through which the nucleus (DNA) of a somatic cell is transferred into an enucleated oocyte for the generation of a new individual, genetically identical to the somatic cell donor. It could be applied for the enhancement of reproduction rate and the improvement of food products involving quality, yield and nutrition. In recent years, the United States, Japan and Europe as well as other countries announced that meat and milk products made from cloned cattle are safe for human consumption. Yet, cloned animals are faced with a wide range of health problems, with a high death rate and a high incidence of disease. The precise causal mechanisms for the low efficiency of cloning remain unclear. Is it safe that any products from cloned animals were allowed into the food supply? This review focuses on the security of meat, milk and products from cloned cattle based on the available data.
Keywords:food safety, somatic cell cloning, bovine
2008年 1月15日,美國食品和藥物管理局宣布,克隆牛、豬和山羊以及它們的后代均可以安全食用,克隆牛奶也可安全食用。歐洲食品安全局科學委員會宣布除牛和豬外,其他一些克隆動物食品的安全性依然不能確定,需要進一步研究。由東京大學等單位組成的科研小組認為雖然克隆牛流產和出生后死亡的比例較高,但是,許多克隆牛都能順利成長,更沒有發現來自克隆牛的蛋白質產生新的毒性和病原性物質[1]。因此,宣布來自克隆動物食品不存在安全問題,可以放心食用。……