劉昀,劉國寶,李冉輝,鄒永東,鄭易之
深圳大學生命科學學院 深圳市微生物基因工程重點實驗室,深圳 518060
胚胎晚期富集蛋白與生物的干旱脅迫耐受性
劉昀,劉國寶,李冉輝,鄒永東,鄭易之
深圳大學生命科學學院 深圳市微生物基因工程重點實驗室,深圳 518060
胚胎晚期富集蛋白(Late embryogenesis abundant,LEA)是參與生物體抵抗干旱脅迫的一類重要蛋白。LEA蛋白可分為7組。大多數LEA蛋白具有親水性及熱穩定性。LEA蛋白在水溶液中通常為無折疊狀態,但脫水脅迫可誘導其轉變為α-螺旋。近年來關于LEA蛋白的研究取得了較多進展。研究結果表明LEA蛋白可定位于細胞內的多種細胞器中,且LEA蛋白可能具有多重保護作用,如保護蛋白質及酶活性、或保護細胞的膜結構、或具有抗氧化作用、結合離子或保護DNA等。以下主要介紹了LEA蛋白的功能、二級結構及保護作用機制。
胚胎晚期富集蛋白,干旱脅迫,亞細胞定位,蛋白質二級結構,多重保護功能
Abstract:Late embryogenesis abundant(LEA)proteins are well associated with the desiccation tolerance in organisms.LEA proteins are categorized into at least seven groups by virtue of similarities in their deduced amino acid sequences.Most of the LEA proteins have the characteristics of high hydrophilicity and thermo-stability.The LEA proteins are in unstructured conformation in aqueous solution.However, they adopted amphiphilic α-helix structure during desiccation condition.LEA proteins are localized to the different organelles in the cells, i.e.cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and nucleus.The multi-functional capacity of LEA proteins are suggested, as protein stabilization, protection of enzyme activity, membrane association and stabilization,antioxidant function, metal-ion binding or DNA protection, etc.Here, we review the structural and functional characteristics of LEA proteins to provide a reference platform to understand their protective mechanisms during the adaptive response to desiccation in organisms.
Keywords:late embryogenesis abundant protein, desiccation tolerance, subcellular localization, secondary structure, protective functions
水分缺失是影響生物體生命活動的重要環境因素。在長期進化過程中,生物體演化出多種分子機制抵御水分的缺失,如基因的表達、代謝的調節、酶活性的改變等。胚胎晚期富集蛋白(Lateembryogenesis abundant,LEA)是參與細胞抗逆保護的一類重要蛋白質。上世紀 80年代,Dure等首次報告了在棉花發育種子中存在 LEA基因[1]。隨后,在許多其他植物的種子、花粉粒和營養組織中發現了多個LEA蛋白[2]。這些LEA蛋白的高水平表達與植物耐旱、耐鹽或耐低溫能力的提高密切相關。利用分子育種技術,證明了導入外源LEA基因(如大麥 HVA1,小麥 PMA80)可改善轉基因水稻的抗旱、耐鹽特性[3-4],這些結果顯示出LEA基因在提高農作物抗逆性方面有著廣闊的應用前景。……