淺析英語(yǔ)中部分連接短語(yǔ)的功能作用

在高中課本中有許多起連接上下句功能的短語(yǔ)，但大都數(shù)學(xué)生對(duì)這些短語(yǔ)的功能及其用法概念膚淺，在寫(xiě)作中有時(shí)不能正確區(qū)分和加以運(yùn)用。結(jié)果寫(xiě)出的文章語(yǔ)法上似乎正確，但缺少連貫性，使整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇讀起來(lái)索然無(wú)味。因此在教學(xué)中教師必須引導(dǎo)學(xué)生注意這些慣用短語(yǔ)的使用，并注意其在語(yǔ)篇中的功能作用。現(xiàn)結(jié)合《牛津高中英語(yǔ)》課本和其它工具書(shū)，對(duì)這些短語(yǔ)的功能作用作一淺析。

一、表示詳述關(guān)系

詳述是對(duì)前一句子給出進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明、評(píng)論或舉例，它包括并列和闡述。

1. 并列：并列指后一句子對(duì)前一句子在語(yǔ)義上進(jìn)行解釋性或舉例性說(shuō)明，即前后兩句具有同位意義。常用的短語(yǔ)有 “in other words”，“that is to say”， “for example”， “for instance” 等。如：

1)However， with VR we are able to do some things that could never be achieved in real

life. For example， I recently sent my ninety-year-old grand father on a trip to Africa using RealCine. (Book 4 P.43)

2)My name is Zhu Zhenfei and I am speaking for the‘pro-Internet’side. That is to say， I believe that the Internet has positive effects on our lives. (Book 7 P 34)

3)Even in the West， though， black has negative meanings. For instance， in Hollywood

films， the bad fellows， such as burglars， often wear black. Black is also the colour worn by most Europeans and Americans when they are in mourning. (Book 9 P 47)

4)Literal translation， in other words， word-for-word translation， is not to be encouraged.

(當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)常用短語(yǔ)用法詞典)

2. 闡述： 闡述指后面內(nèi)容不僅重述，而且復(fù)原、總結(jié)、核實(shí)前面的內(nèi)容，它又可分為

校正，如： “or other”， “at least”， “to be more precise”等；順便提及，如：“by the way”， “I mention” 等；退讓，如：“in any case”等；總結(jié)，如：“in short”，“to sum up”，“in conclusion”， “in brief”等；核實(shí)，如： “in fact”，“as a matter of fact” 等。請(qǐng)看下面的例句。

1) We got home late last night， or rather， early this morning. (英漢大詞典)

2) He said， in short， that more research is needed before a definite decision can be reached.

(當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)常用短語(yǔ)用法詞典)

3) I didn’t fail my maths test after all; Miss Xu mixed up my result with someone else’s! In fact，t one of the top scores in the class. (Book 1 P.34)

4) However， unlike what Jeff said， they didn’t make my brother’s hair fall out.By the way，do you know which pills your friend is thinking of taking? (Book 1 P 49)

5) Teenagers need 8to 10 hours of sleep each night. As a matter of fact， loss of sleep can make you look tired， and even cause you to put on weight. (Book 1 P.58)

二、表示延伸關(guān)系

延伸表達(dá)前述語(yǔ)義之外的內(nèi)容，從正面或反面增加新的陳述，或交代例外情況。它包括添加、轉(zhuǎn)折。

1. 添加：添加指語(yǔ)言使用者在說(shuō)完或?qū)懲甑谝痪浜螅猹q未盡，又補(bǔ)充了一些新的情況。它包括肯定添加和否定添加。表示肯定添加的短語(yǔ)有 “in addition”， “what’s more” 等。表示否定添加的短語(yǔ)有 “not to mention”， “l(fā)et alone” 等。例如：

1) With the help of these armies and other worthy organizations the UN assists the victims of

wars and disasters. In addition， the UN helps protect human rights and works to improve international laws， for example， those on child labour. (Book 6 p. 50)

2) We succeeded in completing our work， and what’s more， we acquired a lot of experience.

(新編英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)用法辨析詞典)

3) We are too busy to take a long holiday this year， not to mention the fact that we couldn’t afford it.(新編英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)用法辨析詞典)

4) He can’t speak English， let alone German. (新編英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)用法辨析詞典)

5) They never think of it， let alone do it. (新編英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)用法辨析詞典)

2. 轉(zhuǎn)折： 轉(zhuǎn)折指后一句子的語(yǔ)義與前一句子相反。……