高考英語單項選擇題陷阱設置手段揭秘

近年來為考查考生應變能力，高考英語單項選擇題常設置陷阱，讓能力不強的考生上當，造成誤選。這樣就拉開了考生分數差距，便于高校分層次選拔人才。高考英語單項選擇題常通過下列手段設置陷阱。

一、利用“介詞+關系代詞which+定語從句”句型設置陷阱

眾所周知“介詞+關系代詞”引導定語從句是重點句型，高考常借助該句型來設置陷阱。

例1:The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from____ spoken in England. (08全國卷I)

A. whichB. whatC. that D. the one

析:C。不少考生誤選A，認為這是介詞from+which引導的定語從句，其實空檔表達the English的含義，應用that代替。

例2:Animals suffered at the hands of Man ____ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people.(08江西)

A. in whichB. for whichC. so that D. in that

析:D。空檔表示“在……角度”，不少同學誤選A，認為這是介詞+which引導的定語從句。其實空檔后面為意義完整的賓語從句，因此應填in that。

例3:Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ____ their parents speak at home.(08浙江)

A. what B. thatC. which D. one

析:A。不少同學誤選C，認為這是介詞from +which引導的定語從句。其實from后面為賓語從句，空檔表示“……的語言”，因此應填what。

二、改變定語從句、同位語從句的位置來設置陷阱

定語從句和同位語從句通常接在被修飾語先行詞后面，但高考常常改變其位置，將其后移，不少考生被這一陷阱迷惑，無法做出正確選擇。

例1:Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ____ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. (08江西)

A. where B. whenC. who D. which

析:A。cases為先行詞，表示“場合”，在定語從句中作地點狀語，因此應用where引導定語從句。但因定語從句和先行詞被will be introduced to readers隔開，不少考生沒有識別這一陷阱，做出錯誤選擇。

例2:A warm thought suddenly came to me____I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.(06安徽)

A. if B. whenC. thatD. which

析:C。I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday說明先行詞A warm thought的內容，因此空檔應填that引導同位語從句。但因同位語從句與先行詞之間被suddenly came to me隔開，不少考生沒有識別這一陷阱，無法做出正確選擇。

三、用定語從句的創新句型來設置陷阱

定語從句通常直接由關系代詞或關系副詞引導，但當定語從句與先行詞有所屬關系時也有創新句型:特定詞匯+of whom/which引導定語從句，不少考生因不了解這一句型造成誤選。

例1:The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors， ____ are beyond our control.(08湖南)

A. most of themB. most of which C. most of whatD. most of that

析:B。定語從句與先行詞可連成most of the number of factors are beyond our control，因此該空應用most of which引導定語從句，但不少考生因不了解這一句型而誤選A。

例2:The man pulled out a gold watch，____ were made of small diamonds.(08陜西)

A. the hands of whomB. whom the hands of

C. which the hands ofD. the hands of which

析:D。定語從句與先行詞可連成the hands of the gold watch were made of small diamonds，因此該空應填the hands of which引導定語從句，但不少考生因不了解這一句型而誤選。

四、用連詞的新含義來設置陷阱

一些連詞有新含義，如while可表示“盡管”，引導讓步狀語從句，可表示“然而，卻”，引導并列句;what引導名詞性從句一般表示“……的內容”，也可表示“……的人/地點/時間/速度/價格/方法/狀況”。

例1:____ the Internet is of great help， I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it. (08湖南)

A. IfB. While C. BecauseD. As

析:B。該空表示“盡管”，應填While引導讓步狀語從句。但不少考生不知道while有此用法，于是誤選As。as的確可表示“盡管”，但引導讓步狀語從句時應采用倒裝句型。

例2:In some places women are expected to earn money ____ men work at home and raise their children.(08四川)

A. but B. while C. because D. though

析:B。空檔表示“然而，卻”，因此應填while引導并列句。但不少考生只知道while可表示“當……的時候”，于是誤選A。

例3:The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ____ it is.(07天津)

A. whatB. whichC. howD. where

析:A。空檔表示“……的狀況”，因此應填what引導賓語從句。但不少考生只知道what表示“……的內容”，于是造成誤選。

五、情景對話中用常規回答來設置陷阱

眾所周知，情景對話的回答往往顯得委婉、客氣、禮貌，因此That’s all right. You’re welcome. Not at all. Take it easy. Nice to meet you. Thanks a lot. I’m afraid you can’t/had better not. My pleasure. It’s a pleasure.等語句常常成為特定對話的回答用語，高考常常借助這些語句來設置陷阱。

例1:——The floor is dirty. Can anyone clean it?

—— I do it all the time. ____ (08陜西)

A. Don’t mention it. B. Why you?C. Not sure. D. Not me again.

析:D。不少考生誤選A，因為對它比較熟悉。其實Don’t mention it.通常用來對感謝用語進行回答，表示“不用謝”。而此處I do it all the time.說明我不想再打掃，因此應選D。

例2:——My name is Jonathan. Shall I spell it for you?

——____.(08遼寧)

A. If you don’t mind B. Not at allC. Take it easy D. Nice to meet you

析:A。B、C、D三選項內容都是考生熟悉的交際用語，但用在本題與語境不吻合。如果選A，表示“如果不介意(請您拼寫一下)”，符合語境邏輯。

例3:—— We have booked a room for today and tomorrow.

—— ____， sir.(07全國卷II)

A. I’m sure B. My pleasure C. It’s all rightD. I’ll check

析:D。B、C是對話回答常用語，但與本題語境不吻合。如果選D，表示“讓我查一下”，與語境邏輯吻合。

六、改變單詞的常用句式來設置陷阱

一些單詞在使用時往往有固定句式，但高考命題者往往用其非常見句型設置陷阱，造成部分考生誤選。

例1:—— I’d like some more cheese.

——Sorry， there’s ____ left.(08浙江)

A. some B. noneC. a little D. few

析:B。none通常和of連用，但表示“一個也沒有”時可置于there is之后，不少考生因不了解這一點造成誤選。

例2:——How is everything going on with you in Europe?

——Quite well. Not so smoothly as I hoped， ____. (05江蘇)

A. though B. instead C. either D. too

析:A。though通常為從屬連詞，置于句首引導讓步狀語從句。但此處將其改變為副詞，位于句末，表示“然而，不過”。不少考生因不了解though的這一用法造成誤選。

七、改變詞匯的常見位置來設置陷阱

一些詞匯在句中常有習慣性位置，改變其位置可以達到設置陷阱的目的。

例1:Why are you so anxious? It isn’t your problem ____.(08浙江)

A. on purpose B. in allC. on timeD. after all

析:D。空檔表示“究竟、終究”，應填after all。但因其常置于句首，不少考生沒有將其識別出來而誤選。

例2:You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ____ home in the snowstorm.(07遼寧)

A. walkedB. walkC. to walkD. walking

析:D。本題考查have difficulty (in) doing sth.的結構，但因其賓語被前置，不少考生沒有識別這一結構。

八、用情態動詞的稀有用法來設置陷阱

不少情態動詞有特殊用法，如can可表示“有時會”;shall可表示“命令、警告、威脅、強制、允諾”，也可表示“可以”，用于一、三人稱來征求對方意見;should可表示“竟然”，也可位于句首表示“如果，萬一”。如果考生不了解這些用法，可能首先就會將正確選項排除在外。

例1:Peter ____ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.

(08遼寧)

A. shall B. shouldC. can D. must

析:C。at times暗示該空表示“有時會”，因此應填can。但不少考生不了解can有此用法，故而造成誤選。

例2:____ fired， your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.

(06湖北)

A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you beD. Might you be

析:B。空檔表示“如果你被”，所以應填Should you be，表示If you should be的含義。不少同學不知道should有此用法，造成誤選。

九、用不具被動色彩的過去分詞來設置陷阱

過去分詞通常表示被動，但不少過去分詞因來自系表結構所以不具被動色彩，如dressed in (穿著)， dressed like (打扮得像)， born (出身)， seated (坐著)， hidden (躲著)， satisfied with (對……滿意)， unsatisfied with (對……不滿意)， devoted to (忠誠于)， lost in (沉溺于)， faced with (面對)。高考命題者常常借助這些過去分詞來設置陷阱。

例1:Please remain ____; the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (08遼寧)

A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. to be seated

析:B。該空表示“坐著”，因此應填seated，它來自系表結構be seated，沒有被動色彩。不少同學以為seated表示“被坐”而將其排除，造成誤選。

例2:____ with so much trouble， we failed to complete the task on time. (06四川)

A. FacedB. FaceC. FacingD. To face

析:A。faced with來自系表結構be faced with，在該句中作原因狀語，沒有被動色彩。不少同學以為faced表示“被面對”將其排除，造成誤選。

例3:A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending， but the reader must not be left ____.(06天津)

A. unsatisfiedB. unsatisfying

C. to be unsatisfyingD. being unsatisfied

析:A。unsatisfied來自系表結構be unsatisfied，在句中作主語補足語，沒有被動色彩。不少考生以為unsatisfied表示“沒有被滿意”將其排除，造成誤選。

十、用熟悉詞匯的新含義來設置陷阱

一些詞匯有創新含義，但考生對其不了解可能首先將其排除，造成誤選。

例1:I began to feel ____ in the new school when I saw some familiar faces (08山東)

A. at homeB. at heart C. at willD. at sight

析:A。不少考生認為“at home”表示“在家”，于是將其排除。其實at home還可表示“像在家里一家舒適、自在”，這是符合題意的。

例2:Why don’t you just ____ your own business and leave me alone? (07全國卷II)

A. makeB. open C. considerD. mind

析:D。不少考生只知道mind作名詞表示“頭腦、思想、主意”，作動詞表示“介意”，于是將其排除。其實mind作為動詞還可表示“專心于”，這一含義符合語境邏輯。

例3:Surely it doesn’t matter where the student associations get their money from; what____ is what they do with it.(07湖北)

A. counts B. applies C. stressesD. functions

析:A。不少考生以為count只能表示“數”，于是將其排除。其實count還可表示“起作用”，這一含義符合語境邏輯。

十一、增強先行詞的隱蔽性來設置陷阱

眾所周知，定語從句到底由哪一個關系代詞或關系副詞引導取決于先行詞屬性和在從句中的功能。先行詞指人，在從句中作主語或賓語可分別用who， whom引導定語從句，也可用that引導定語從句;先行詞指物，在從句中作主語或賓語均可由which或that引導定語從句;先行詞表示時間、地點、原因，且在從句中作時間、地點和原因狀語，可分別由when， where， why引導定語從句。但為了增加試題難度，高考命題專家常增加先行詞的隱蔽性來設置陷阱。

例1:Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ____ sight matters more than hearing. (07天津)

A. whenB. whoseC. which D. where

析:D。an activity常視為物，用that或which引導定語從句，于是不少考生誤選C。其實本題的an activity在從句中作地點狀語，因此應用where引導定語從句。

例2:After graduation she reached a point in her career____she needed to decide what to do.(07江西)

A. that B. whatC. whichD. where

析:D。a point常視為物，用which或that引導定語從句。但本題a point在從句中作地點狀語，因此應用where引導定語從句。

十二、利用省略與替代來設置陷阱

眾所周知，省略與替代會使考生對原本熟悉的句式變得非常陌生，因此高考試題常用省略與替代來設置陷阱。

例:——Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?

——As I know， he spends at least as much time playing as he ____. (07重慶)

A. writesB. does writingC. is writingD. does write

析:B。空檔表達spends in writing的含義，因其中in可以省略，spends重復可由does來替代，因此該空應填does writing。不少考生不識命題陷阱，首先排除B，造成誤選。

鞏固性練習:

1. The way you worked out this difficult problem is different from ____ we are satisfied with.

A. whichB. thatC. whatD. one

2. The English-Chinese dictionary on your bookshelf is different from ____ on her bookshelf.

A. the oneB. whichC. whatD. as

3. Word came from the capital ____ the twenty-ninth Olympic Games were successfully held.

A. thatB. whichC. whatD. where

4. In our next English class the cases will be offered to you ____ these phrases can be used together.

A. thatB. whichC. whoD. where

5. There are fifty-six students in our class， ____ come from the countryside.

A. half of themB. half of whomC. half of whatD. half of who

6. There are twenty-five problems in the physics exam paper， ____ is this one.

A. the most difficult of themB. the most difficult of that

C. the most difficult of whichD. the most difficult of what

7. ____ that problem was really very difficult， many students worked it out.

A. BecauseB. AsC. IfD. While

8. After ____ appeared to be half an hour， his father showed up at the party.

A. thatB. whatC. whichD. it

9. ——It is a very fine day today， isn’t it?

——Yes， it is. It is a bit cold， ____.

A. insteadB. eitherC. too D. though

10. ——Mom， can I play computer games for a while after I finish my homework?

——____. You must go to bed at once.

A. No wayB. You’re welcome

C. Don’t mention itD. That’s all right

11. ——How many students are there on the playground playing football?

——____.

A. Nobody B. NothingC. NoneD. No

12. Is this the attention that you paid ____ to your pronunciation and intonation?

A. itB. whichC. thatD. /

13. She thought she would fail to pass the exam， but she passed it ____.

A. in allB. after allC. on purposeD. on time

14. I really can’t imagine such a beautiful girl ____ be so rude.

A. canB. mayC. shallD. should

15. She is usually very gentle， but sometimes she ____ be very naughty.

A. canB. shallC. shouldD. must

16. ____ a fire break out， you must call the fire station at once.

A. WouldB. CouldC. MightD. Should

17. When I went into his room， he still remained ____.

A. seatingB. seatedC. seatD. to seat

18. ____ with so much difficulty， the middle-aged woman didn’t know what to do.

A. FacingB. FacedC. FaceD. To face

19. ____ in a very small but beautiful village， the young woman seldom leaves it.

A. BearB. BoreC. BornD. Bearing

20. It is not one what says but one does that really ____.

A. countsB. stressesC. functions D. applies

21. If you don’t work hard from now on， you will be ____ by your boss sooner or later.

A. freedB. finedC. firedD. dropped

22. Is this the chair ____ you put all of your books the day before yesterday?

A. whichB. thatC. whereD. what

23. Your illness will not develop to the point ____ nobody can cure it.

A. whichB. thatC. whatD. where

24. I think your hall is large enough to ____ one thousand people.

A. putB. fillC. holdD. place

25. He spends I think a lot more time in reading English than I ____ French.

A. do learn B. do to learnC. learn D. do learning

Key:1.C 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.D 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.D 15.A 16.D 17.B 18.B 19.C 20.A 21.C 22.C 23.D 24.C 25.D