非謂語動詞中分詞做狀語的幾點說明

摘要：筆者根據近幾年的高考試題，對分詞作狀語進行歸納及應注意的問題作幾點說明，以便讓考生在復習備考時，明確分詞作狀語并知道如何分析此類試題。

關鍵詞：分詞；過去分詞；狀語從句

中圖分類號：G633.41 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1006-3315(2008)06-074-02

首先了解現在分詞和過去分詞的基本意義：現在分詞表示主動，進行。過去分詞表示被動或完成，要了解分詞，可以做哪幾種狀語，同時了解分詞做狀語和狀語從句之間的關系。一般來講分詞可以做時間，原因，條件，結果，讓步，伴隨等狀語，而且分詞做狀語一般可相當于狀語從句。注意：含有分詞句子其邏輯主語與句子主語一致。（獨立主格除外，其分詞的邏輯主語同句子的主語不一致，應帶上）

一、 分詞作時間狀語：相當于一個時間狀語從句

分詞做時間狀語一般位于句首，如帶有while，when，until，once等詞即可放于句首，也可位于句尾，此時時間意義更明確。

1. Hearing the news，they were very excited.

＝When they heard the news，they were very excited.

2.I learned a lot while staying in the countryside.

＝I learned a lot while I was staying in the countryside.

3.Water doesn't boil until heated to 100℃.

＝Water doesnt，boil until it (water) is heated to 100℃

高考鏈接：

1.When_____help， one oftens says “Thank you”or “It is kind of you”(2005福建 A.offeringB.to offerC.to be offered ( D).offered

分析：原句可以變為：when one is offered help， one oftens says....

分詞的邏輯主語和后面的句子主語one一致，而且和offer 之間是被動關系，所以選D。

2．When_____different cultures，we often pay attention to the differences without noticing the many similarities.(2006浙江).

A.comparedB.being compared C.comparingD.having compared

分析：主語是we，分詞的邏輯主語是we，而且和compare之間是主動關系，所以應使用comparing。答案是C

二、 分詞做原因狀語：相當于原因狀語從句

例如：1.Being ill，he wouldn't come to school today.

＝As he was ill， he wouldn，t come to school today

2. Moved by Leifeng's examples， they did a lot of good deeds.

＝As they were moved by Leifeng's examples， they did a lot of good deeds.

高考鏈接：

1. _____ with so much trouble，we failed to complete the task on time.

A.FacedB.FaceC.Facing D.To face (2006年四川)

分析：原題可變為，As we were faced with so much trouble，we failed to complete the task on time.所以可知答案是A。

2._________ by a greater demand for vegetables， farmer have built more green houses.(2007浙江)

A.DrivenB.Being drivenC.To drive D.Having driven

分析：原句可變為As farmers are driven by a greater demand for vegetables， farmer have built more green houses.從句主語為farmers，而且和drive之間構成被動關系。所以答案為A。

三、 分詞做條件狀語：相當于一個條件的狀語從句

分詞做條件狀語一般置于句首，前面若帶有if或unless也可置于句尾，此時條件更明確。

例如:1.Having time， I'll come and help you.

＝If I have time ， I'll come and help you.

2.You will never make progress unless studying hard.

＝You will never make progress unless you study hard.

3.Given more time ，we can finish the work successfully.

＝If we are given more time ，we can finish the work successfully.

高考鏈接：

We all know that ，______， the situation will get worse.(2007全國卷)

A. not if dealt carefully withB.if not carefully dealt with

B. if dealt not carefully withD.not if carefully dealt with

分析：原句可變為：If the situation is not carefully dealt with ，the situation will get worse.去掉從句主謂部分得出答案B。

四、 分詞做結果狀語：相當于結果狀語從句

一般位于句尾，有時可帶only或thus，在功能上相當于so that 引導的結果狀語從句。

例如：1。His wife died ，leaving him with three children.

＝His wife died，so that she left him with three children.

2.He hit a parked car， thus breaking one of his legs.

＝He hit a parked car， so that he broke one of his legs.

高考鏈接:

The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance， _________in the natural light during the day.(2007天津)

A.to letB.lettingC.letD.having let

分析：分詞的邏輯主語是The glass doors與let構成主動的關系用letting.原句可變為The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance ， so that the glass doors let in the natural light during the day.所以答案是B.

五、 分詞做讓步狀語：相當于讓步狀語從句

分詞做讓步狀語一般位于句首，前面如帶有連詞whether 或though置于句首，句尾都可。

例如：1.Being ill，he still came to class.

＝Though he was ill ，he still came to class.

2.Whether supported or not，I’ll go on with it.

＝Whether( I，m )supported or not，I’ll go on with it.

高考鏈接：

___________that she didn't do a good job.I don't think I am abler than her.(2007陜西)A.To have saidB.Having saidC.To say D.Saying

分析：原句變為Though I had said that she didn，t do a good job.I don，t think I am abler than her.Say這個動作發生在另一個動作之前所以用having done形式，答案為B.

六、 分詞做伴隨狀語

大多位于句尾，表示其動作或情況與謂語表示的動作同時發生，功能上相當于一個并列句或并列謂語。

(上接第74頁)例如：1.she stood there waiting for the bus.

＝she stood there and waited for the bus.

2.The teacher went out of the classroom，followed by his students.

＝The teacher went out of the classroom， (and was) followed by his students.

高考鏈接：

1.My cousion came to see me from the country， ______me a full basket of fresh fruits.(2006安徽)

A.broughtB.bringing C.to bring D.had brought

后句可改為and brought me a full basket of fresh fruits.答案是B.伴隨狀語

2.“You can，t catch me .“Janet shouted，________away.(2005全國)

A.run B.running C.to runD.ran

后句可改為and ran away.答案是B.伴隨狀語。

3. After his jouney from abroad， Richard Jones returned home，_____(2004上海春招)

A.exhausting B.exhausted C.be exhaustedD.having exhausted

后句可改為and was exhausted.答案是B.伴隨狀語。

分詞用法很多，本文只是針對分詞做狀語的一些現象及在高考中的應用進行小結，若想把分詞用法掌握的自如，需要善于總結，找出規律。

參考文獻：

[1] 李斌寧《英語學習經驗談》。北京大學出版社，1995

[2] 李明啟《對外語教學改革的思索》[j]西安外國語學院學報，2001