省略是一種避免重復、突出關鍵詞并使上下文緊密銜接的語法手段。在英語中,從句的省略經常使用,如果不了解這些省略用法,很可能導致對句意的誤解。從句的省略一般有以下幾種情況:
一、狀語從句中的省略
情況一:在狀語從句中,如果從句的主語與主句的主語一致,并且從句中含有be動詞,通常可以把從句中的主語和be動詞一起省略,構成“連詞+分詞”的形式。分詞與主語間為主動關系,用現在分詞,即doing的形式;被動關系則用過去分詞,即done的形式。我們所熟悉的條件、時間、方式、讓步、比較等狀語從句均可使用省略形式。常用到的連詞有when,oilce,if,unless,though,as,than,as if等。但是,引導時間狀語從句的after和before,不能適用于這種形式,他們要么用來引導完整的從句,要么充當介詞,后面接名詞、代詞、動名詞。
1.When_____________, the museum will be open to thepublic next year.
A.completed
B.being completed
C.eompleting
D.be completed正確答案是A。
4、Unless___________to speak, you should remain silentat the conference.
A.invited
B.inviting
C.being invited
D.baving invited正確答案是A。
5.The reserch is so designed that once__________nothing can be done to change it.
A.being
B.having begun
C.beginning
D.begun正確答案是D。
7.They came earlier than
A.expeeting
B.expeeted
C.being expected
D.to be expected正確答案是C。
8.The actor threw himself from the horse, as if
A.to be shot
B.being shot
C.shooting
D.shot正確答案是D。
9.The man we followed suddenly stopped to lookaround as if for something.
A.looking for
B.having looked
C.to have looked
D.to look正確答案是A。
情況二:when/whenever/if/+it is+adj. (如necessary,possible...)時,常省略it is ,保留“連詞+adj.形式。例如:You can drop in and have a chat with mewhenever (it is) convenient to yourself.
10.Don't always say \"yes\"or\"no\". Explain__________possible.
A.whenever B.whatever C.however D.whichever正確答案是c。
二、定語從句中的省略
在定語從句中,如果從句主語和主句的主語一致,或者省略主語完全可以達意時,通常進得省略,構成“引導詞+不定式”的形式。
1.My dream is to have a car of my own,______________totravel to any place I like.
A.that Kin which
C.by which
D.how正確答案是B。
2. Bella had inly 1.87 dollars, ________to buy a prerent for her husband, Jim.
A.with which B.in which C.by which D.with it正確答案是A。
三“疑問句+to do” 形式的省
實際上是一個含有should的從句的省略,具有名詞短語的作用,在句子中作主語、賓語或表語。
例如:I don't know how to answer it.(作賓語)
Can you decide which one to buy?(作賓語)
When to finish the job is not deeided.(作主語)
Whether to go out for an outing depends on theweather.(作主語)
總之,省略現象常在選擇題、完形填空題和改錯題中出現,在閱讀理解文章里也是很普遍的一種語法現象,通過以上總結,大家在學習中不斷地再認識和摸索,一定能夠提高自己的理解能力。