２００８年高考英語基礎寫作指導（ＩＩ）

第二講記敘文：如何敘事？

一、寫作指導

敘事類記敘文通常要將時間、地點、人物、事件、原因和結果等六個要素交代清楚。好的記敘文具有描述事件具體、人物形象逼真、故事生動感人、材料表現中心和寫作主旨明確等特征。高考英語基礎寫作中的敘事類短文也需要具有記敘文寫作的一般特點，但要求相對比較低，其考查重點在語言運用正確、句子連貫通順、信息點表述完整等方面。寫作時要注意以下幾點：

1. 嚴格按照基礎寫作的要求完成各個信息點，不要為了文章的生動而隨意添加信息。

2. 信息點的表述不要完全按照題目所給的順序，要適當重組信息點。

3. 記敘文寫作的時態多數是用一般過去時，但也要注意靈活運用其它時態。

4. 敘事類記敘文的話題通常和中學生的生活閱歷有關，如校園生活、旅游、交通、交友等，平時要注意積累這些方面的詞匯和短語。

二、常用語句

1. 表達時間

a long time ago， at six o’clock in the morning， at the end of， at the weekend， before he came here， by the end of last term， during the summer holidays， in a few years’ time， in the past， in the old days， in the past ten years， in August 2002， in winter vacation， in weekdays， last month， next week， on Sunday morning， on October 1st， since early in the 20th century，so far，up to now， not...until， while， etc.

2. 表達地點

at the crossing， at the end of the street， at the airport， at the village， at the foot of the mountain， at the bottom， at the top of， be located in， behind the park， be situated in， five kilometers to the north of Guangzhou， in the south of Guangdong Province， in the middle of the park， in Class 3 Grade 2， in the front of the bus， in front of the bus， in the tree， in Guangdong， in China， lies to the west of Sichuan， on the other side of the street， on both sides of the road， on the east coast of the Pacific Ocean， on the right， etc.

3. 表達因果

as， as a result， because，because of， for， in the end， cause， result in， consequently， originate from， since， so， therefore， It is clear that... ， It turns out to be... ， The primary reason is ... ， etc.

4. 事件話題

(1)學校生活及學習成績

be active in class， be interested in， be interesting to sb.， be fond of， be good at， be poor at， be tired of one’s work， be weak in， do one’s homework， do sports after school， do well in，education for all-round development=quatity-orientied education(素質教育)， examination-oriented education (應試教育)， fail in the test， get a doctor’s degree， get on well with English， get an “A” in the exam， get 90 marks for English， give sb. a passing grade， have a good command of the language， have eight classes every day， help with each other， lay a good foundation in， learn...by heart， major in history， make friends with sb.， make progress in， put one’s heart into， pass the examination， study in groups， succeed in doing sth.， take an active part in the activity， take several courses at school， work out a problem， work on a maths problem， work hard at， etc.

(2)師生關系及其活動

be friendly to sb.， be kind to sb， be a strict teacher， be strict with one’s pupils， be strict in one’s work， be satisfied with， blame sb. for sth， correct the students’ homework carefully， devote all one’s time to work， form a good habit of， get on well with sb， give advice on， give sb. a lot of work， help sb with sth.， make one’s lessons lively and interesting， praise sb. for sth.， prepare for tomorrow’s lesson， question sb. on， teach sb. English， teach sb. how to do sth.， etc.

(3)課余活動及周末生活

do some reading， enjoy a family trip， enjoy doing sth.， go swimming， go for an outing， go to the cinema， have an outing at the seashore， have a swim， have dances on weekends， have a picnic at the weekend， have a party， hold a sports meeting， Internet bar， net friend， online love affair(網戀)， play the piano， play chess (basketball)， see the sights of Beijing， spend one’s time in many different ways， teach in a family， etc.

(4)交通情況

a big traffic jam， a traffic accident， be very crowded in the street， be seriously injured， by bus (train / ship / boat)， drive a car， flight No. 2130， in a small boat， give sb. a lift， keep right， lie on the street， meet sb. at the station， on the bus (train)， on board， on one’s way to London， on the journey， one way only， pick up sb.， ride a bike， ride a horse， see sb. off at theairport， self-service ticket， take a flight to New York， traffic light， travel through China， turn right， etc.

(5)度假旅游

New Year’s Day， Women’s Day， May Day， Youth Day， Children’s Day， Teachers’ Day， Mid-Autumn Day， National Day， valentine’s Day， the Spring Festival， a hot spot， a place of interest， a tourist destination， a five-star hotel， a good restaurant， a return ticket， a single ticket， a city with a long history， a quiet village， a three-day tour， an experienced guide， Beijing 2008 Olympic Games， beautiful scenery， in peak tourist seasons， natural attraction， on one’s way to France， on the back way， one of the great wonders of the world， spend one’s holidays on the sea， the 11th Asian Games， travel agency， the tour route， the inner-ring road， travel to England， the Great Wall， the Summer Place， Zhongshan Park， etc.

(6)環境保護

a good environment， area pollution， air pollution， air quality standard， Antarctic Circle， atmospheric chemistry， a heavy rain， a heavy snow， be polluted， be hot， be cold， be cool， be cloudy， be rainy， be sunny， be flooded， climate， carbon dioxide(CO2)， chemical change， chemical cleaning of coal， climate change， dirty， drought， dry， flood， early warning system， environmental behavior， environmental quality， feel comfortable， global warming， minus 20 degrees centigrade(-20°)， 30 degrees above zero(30°)，sea level， warning center， wastes， water surface， water treatment， water pollution control， weather， windstorm， etc.

三、典型例文

【例1】介紹學校

假設你是李華，你的筆友Jane準備暑假來你校參觀，想請你介紹一下學校情況。下面是你校的基本信息，請根據以下內容給Jane回一封信，并表示歡迎她來參觀。

寫作要求：

(1)必須包括以上全部內容（信的開頭和結尾已經寫好）；

(2)只能使用5個句子。

參考詞匯： 宿舍樓dormitory building

Dear Jane，

I am very glad to tell you something about our school， Guangdong No. 3 Middle School.

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

Best wishes to you.

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

審題：

參考范文：

Dear Jane，

I am very glad to tell you something about our school， Guangdong No. 3 Middle school. It lies in a small town about 15 kilometres away from the sea and it has a history of over 80 years. Our school， covering an area of nearly 150 thousand square meters， has more than 200 teachers and 3000 senior students. It has three teaching buildings and six dormitory buildings， with many flowers and tall trees all around， so it’s very beautiful. In our school we learn Chinese， maths， science， English， computer， PE， arts and some other subjects.

You are welcome to visit our school in the summer holidays.

Best wishes to you.

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

【例 2】介紹春節

假如你是李華，你校的外教要在中國過春節，請你根據以下內容，用英文寫一篇短文介紹我國的春節，并祝他們節日愉快。

寫作要求：

(1)必須包括以上全部內容（題目已經寫好）；

(2)只能使用5個句子。

參考詞匯： 農歷Chinese Lunar Calendar

壓歲錢lucky money

審題：

參考范文：

A brief Introduction of the Chinese Spring Festival

The Chinese Spring Festival comes on the first day of the Chinese Lunar Year， which is usually in February. There is a name for each year， such as the dog， the monkey， the tiger or one of the twelve animals， and this year is the year of the pig.

Before the New Year’s Day， the Chinese people usually give their houses a good cleaning and on the last evening of the old year， all the members of a family will get together and have a big meal. On the first or second day of the new year， people usually go to visit their relatives and friends and give some lucky money to children.

I wish you to have a good time during the Spring Festival.

四、即時練習

1. 義工活動

假設你是李華，正在美國學習。2007年7月28日，你與班上的幾名同學一起參加了義工活動。請根據以下表格的內容，給老師寫一篇短文，描寫當天參加義工活動的情況。

寫作要求：

(1)必須包括以上全部內容；

(2)只能使用5個句子。

參考詞匯： 龍卷風tornado

2. 教學經歷

假設你是李華，廣東某中學的學生，現正作為交流生在英國學習，前幾天你為低年級的學生上了一節中國文化和歷史課。請你用英文簡要介紹一下你上課的經歷。內容如下：

寫作要求：

(1)必須包括以上全部內容；

(2)只能使用5個句子。

參考詞匯：改革renovation

參考范文：

1. On July 27th 2007， Friday， we 18 classmates， including John from Britain， Sinba from India and Keith from the USA， went to Lee Farm to help the farmers. We started off at 8 o’clock in the morning， and after an hour’s ride on the bus， we walked for another 15 minutes. Lee Farm is about 60 kilometres northwest to our school. A few days ago it was hit by a strong tornado， and many apples were blown onto the ground， so we helped to pick up the apples and put the good ones in the baskets. We felt very tired after the work， but all of us thought it was a great help to the farmers.

2. Last Wednesday I gave a lecture about China’s culture and history to the 7th grade students from 9-11∶30 in the morning. This was the first time I had given a lesson， so I felt very nervous and great pressure. I presented for one and a half hours， introducing from the dynasties in ancient times to the revolutionary in recent times， but I spent a lot more time on present China， the renovation， the open policy and the economic development. In the following hour we exchanged ideas and had a good discussion， but I was sorry to find that they knew little about China and raised a lot of strange questions. I think we need more cultural exchange of this kind， because we can get more practice and the foreign students can understand more about China.

責任編校蔣小青