深層理解題的應對策

閱讀理解在英語試卷中所占比例較大。閱讀理解題大致可分為淺層理解題和深層理解題兩種類型。淺層理解題包括了解事實細節、猜測詞意、推斷指代對象、給事件排序、計算數據、理解篇章結構等類型的題目；深層理解題包括根據內容進行推理判斷、總結文章主旨要義、擬文章標題、判斷寫作目的、感受作者態度等類型的題目。相對而言，深層理解題題量較多，也是同學們最容易失分的題目。下面筆者結合高考真題，探討深層理解題的失分原因及對策，希望能提高同學們的解題能力。

[例文一]

Since my retirement from teachingmusic in 2001，I have spent a good deal of time painting as an artist.I actually began drawing again in the summer of 1995 when my father died.So perhaps I was trying to recover from the loss of my father，or may be it was just that it brought back memories of him．In anycase．I drew pen and ink animals and landscapes much influenced by Krenkeland St．John for five years．

For some strange reason．I had been waiting until my retirement to startdoing water colors again，but as Soon as I walked out of the school door for the last time I picked up my brushes and re-discovered Andrew Wyeth，who quicklybecame my favorite artist.I had lookedthrough all the art books I had on myshelves and found his water colors to bethe closest to how I thought good wa-tercolors should look．So I painted land-scapes around Minrlesota for three years and tried out many other types of pain-ting．However．water colors remained my first choice．and I think I did my best work there，showing my paintings at anumber of art exhibitions

Art is mow together with my pianoplaying and reading. There is a time foreverything in my world， and it is won-derful to have some time doing what Iwant to do. As Confucius once said，“At seventy I can follow my heart's de-sire.”

1．What is the text mainly about?

A．Learning to paint in later life.

B．How to paint water colors.

C．An artist-turned teacher

D．Life after retirement.

2．We can infer from the text that the author——

A．had been taught by Krenkel andSt.John

B．painted landscapes in Minnesota for 5 years

C．believed Wyeth to be the best in water colors

D．started his retirement life at theage of seventy

3．How does the author probably feel about his life as an artist?

A．Very enjoyable.

B．A bit rebretful.

C．Rather busy.

D．Fairly dull.

[例文二]

Most people think of racing when they see greyhounds(灰狗)and believethey need lots of exercise. They can ac-tually be quite lazy!Greyhounds aregood at fast races but not long-distancerunning.they do need regular exercisebut they like to run for a short burs andthen get back on the bed or a comfort-able seat. Another misunderstanding isthat grey hounds must be aggressive(好斗的)because they are big in size Infact greyhoundes love people and aregentle with children.

Greyhounds can live for 12～14years but usually only race for two orherr years，and after that that they make great pets.They don't need a lot of space，don't make a lot of noise， anddon't eat a lot for their size.

Normally， greyhounds can be astall as 90cm. There is， howeve， asmall-sized greyhound， which stands on-ly 33 cm. Greyhounds come in a variety of colors. Grey and yellowish-brown arethe most common. Others include black，these.

Grey hounds have smooth body coats， low body fat and are very healthy Because they're slim they don't have the leg problems like other dogs the same height. But they do feel the cold.Espesially since they would much ratherbe at jp，e om bed than walking around outside.

1．The text is written mainly——.

A．to tell people how to raise grey-hounds

B．to let people know more aboutgreyhounds

C．to explain why greyhounds areaggressive

D．They are quiet and easy to look

3．Which would be the best title forthis passage?

A．People and Greyhounds

B．Size and Color of the Greyhound

C．The Gentle Greyhound

D．Lazy and Aggressive Greyhound

一、推理判斷題

推理判斷題要求依據短文所提供的信息進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷。同學們解題時可采用“就近”原則，選擇既不脫離原文又不簡單重復原文的選項。應注意以下幾點：1．依據短文提供的信息進行推理，切忌主觀臆斷；2．全面考慮短文提供的相關信息，切忌以偏概全；3．短文中出現過的原句或明示的原意一般不是正確選項。

推理判斷題題干中常見含有infer/imply/learn form the passage等標記詞，其表現形式大致如下：

It can be inferred the passagethat_——.

From the passage，we can infer/know/learn that——.

It CANNOT be learnde from thispassage that——.

The senternce“…”implies that————.

The passge implies that——.

What can we learn from the text?

What will be talked about next?

如例文一第2題，答案為C。從短文第2段可看出作者認為Wyeth的水彩畫最接近自己認可的好畫的標準。A項中的變為influenced。B項中的5years應為3years。短文最后一句中的seventy是孔子說的，并非如D項所說是本文作者退休的年齡。

再如例文第2題，從短文第1段最后一句和第2段可推D為正確答案。A、C顯然不是greyhour成為great pets的理由，B則不是主要原因。

二、主旨要義題

英語文章的特點是首句結尾句多為主題句。……