一、 考點難點精講
助動詞
(一) 助動詞be的形式和用法
1 助動詞be 有八種形式:

2 助動詞be的用法
(1)“be+現在分詞”構成進行時態。如:
You are working hard today. 你們今天干得很努力。
What have you been doing these days? 這幾天來你在干什么?
(2)“be+過去分詞”構成被動語態。如:
A new computer has been bought by the office.
辦公室已購買了一臺新電腦。
Such books are written for children .
這種書是為兒童寫的。
(3)與形容詞,名詞,代詞,從句等構成“系+表”結構。如:
The cat is very big. 這貓挺大的。
They are my friends. 他們是我的朋友。
(4)“be+動詞不定式”構成謂語。如:
The new text seems to be easy ,but actually ,it is rather difficult.
這篇新課文好像很容易,其實相當難。
These books are not to be taken out of the room.
這些書不得帶出室外。
(二) 助動詞have的形式和用法
1 助動詞have 有五種形式

2 助動詞have 的用法
(1)與過去分詞構成各種完成的。如:
We've known each other since 1987.
我們從1987年起就互相熟悉了。
He's been to Shang hai. 他去過上海。
We had not seen each other since I left Beijing.
自從我離開北京,我們就沒見過面。
(2)和動詞不定式連用構成謂語,表示因客觀環境促使不得不做的事。如:
The bus has left, and if we want to catch the train ,we'll have to take a taxi.
公交車開走了,假如想趕上那趟火車,我們不得不打的。
[注意]
Have還可用作實義動詞,表示“有”,“吃”等含義。
Would you like to have some beer?
你想喝點啤酒嗎?
We've having breakfast.
我們正在吃早飯。
(三) 助動詞do的形式和用法。
1 助動詞do有三種形式
2 助動詞do的用法

(1)構成一般現在時和一般過去時的疑問句。如:
Do you know what they are talking about?
你知道他們在談論什么嗎?
What time do you usually get up ?
你通常幾點鐘起床?
How did you cut it?
你是怎么切的?
(2)構成一般現在時和一般過去時的否定句。如:
He didn't come to school last Monday.
上星期一他沒來上學。
He doesn't want to go there ,either do they.
他不想去那兒,他們也不想。
I don't know his number.
我不知道他的電話號碼。
(3)代替前面剛出現的動詞,以避免重復。如:
--Do you learn English?
--Yes,I do.
--你學習英語嗎?
--是的,我學習英語。
This material looks nice. So does that one.
這料子看來很好。那種也很好。
(4)用于加強語氣,表示強調(多用于肯定式中)。如:
Do come and join us.
一定要來參加我們的活動。
I do think you are right.
我的確認為你是對的。
I do like you .
我真的喜歡你。
[注意]
Do還可用作實義動詞,表示“做、干”等含義。
1 They went out to do some shopping.
他們外出買東西去了。
2 Would you please do me a favour?
你愿幫我一個忙嗎?
(四) 助動詞should/will的形式和用法
1 助動詞shall(過去式should)和will(過去式would)有四種形式:

2 助動詞shall/will的用法
(1)“shall/will+動詞原形”,構成一般將來時,表示將來意義。Shall用于單復數第一人稱,will可用于所有人稱。在今日英語中,shall 常被will替代。如:
Will you close the door, please?
請關上門好嗎?
Shall Iget you a taxi?
我給你叫輛出租車好嗎?
(2)“should/would+動詞原形”,構成過去將來時。Should 作為“shall”的過去形式,用于單,復數第一人稱;would作為“will”的過去式,可用于各人稱。
They said that they would finish it soon.
他們說很快就要做完了。
I said I should go to town.
我說我要進城去。
[注意]
Will表示某種傾向或習慣性動作
The door won't shut.
門關不上。
Fish will die out of water.
魚離開水不能活。
情態動詞
1 can的用法
(1)表示能力“會、能”等
The hall can hold at least 2000 people.
這個大廳至少能容納2000人。
Can you drive a car?
你會開車嗎?
Can I help you ?
你需要幫助嗎?
[注意]
1 can和be able to 都可以表示“能力”,意思上相同。但can 只有現在式和過去式(could)兩種形式,如需用其它時態,用be able to代替。如
He can still be alive.
他可能貧窮。
He can't be poor.
他不可能貧窮。
He has not been able to finish the work in time.
他沒能及時完成工作。
I'l be able to see you tomorrow.
我明天將能去看你。
2 如果我們要表示一個動作成功地完成了,那么必須用was able to ,而不能用could.如:
He was able to leave Europe before the war began.
他設法在戰前離開了歐洲。
He was able to go to Paris yesterday and enjoyed himself very much.
他昨天設法去了巴黎,而且他玩得非常高興。
3 在否定句中could 與be able to 兩者意思一樣。如:
I could not swim to the other side of the river.
I wasn't able to swim to the other side of the river.
我沒能游到河的對岸去。
4 can/could不應與be able to 同時使用。
(2)表示“建議”或“請求”,可用Can I ……?或Can you……?等結構,語氣比較客氣。如:
Can I go swimming today, please, Mum?
媽媽,我今天可以去游泳嗎?
Can I borrow your bike?
我可以借你的自行車用一下嗎?
(3)表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態度(主要用于否定句和疑問句)。如:
No, no, this can't be true.
不,不,這不可能是真的。
How can you be so careless!
你怎么能這樣粗心!
(4)表示“允許”或“請求允許”,其意思相當于may(可以),但can 比may用得更廣泛,can不僅表示說話人同意、允許,還可表示客觀條件的許可。May通常表示說話人的許可。如:
No one can smoke in the office.
在辦公室里任何人都不能吸煙。
That sort of thing can't go on like this.
那樣的事不能再這樣繼續下去。
(5)表示可能性。如:
Can you go with us?
你能跟我們一起走嗎?
Wood can be made into paper.
木材可以造紙。
2 could 的用法
(1)could是can過去式,表示過去有能力及過去存在的可能性
He couldn't go that day.
那天他不能去。(可能性)
She asked if she could keep the book for another two days.
她問那本書她是否能再借兩天。(可能性)
(2)用于現在時和將來時,代替can;表示更為客氣、婉轉地提出請求或陳述看法,有時則表示可能性不大。如:
Could I have another cup of tea, please?我可以再喝一杯茶嗎?
Could you sign here please ,Sir?
先生,請在這兒簽字好嗎?
3 may 的用法
(1)表示客氣或委婉的請求時用may,回答時也用may就會顯得冷淡、不客氣。所以最好避之而改用熱情、客氣的答語。如:
--May I come in ?
--Yes, please.
--我可以進來嗎?
--可以,請進。
--May I borrow your bicycle?
--Certainly.
--我可以借用一下你的自行車嗎?
--當然可以。
(2)表示“可以”即表示說話人同意、許可,或在疑問句中,征詢對方的許可。其否定式可用:may not.但是表示“不可以”、“不許”、“禁止”、“阻止”等意思時,常用must not(mustn’t)代替may not.如:
--May I take this book out of the reading –room?
--No, you mustn’t .
--這本書我可以帶出閱覽室嗎?
--不可以。
(3)表示可能。用來表示一件事或許會發生,或是某種情況可能會存在。通常只用于肯定或否定陳述句中,而不用于疑問句中。如:
It may rain today.
今天可能下雨。
She may not go to the concert tonight.
今晚她可能不去聽音樂會了。
(4)表示祝愿,常用于倒裝結構中。如:
May you succeed!
祝你成功!
May all your dream come true!
愿你的理想都成為現實!
4 might的用法
(1)作為may的過去式,用來表示過去的“可能”和“允許”,多用于間接引語。如:
He said that the news might be true.
他說這消息可能是真的。
She asked if she might have my bike.
她問是否可以借用我的自行車。
(2)代替may,表示可以做的事或可能發生后。在這種情況下,may和might無時間上的差別,只是更客氣或更婉轉些:
They might have a lot of work to do.
他們可能有很多事要做。
Might I have a word with you ?
我可以同你說句話嗎?
5 must 的用法
(1)表示“必須”、“應當”。用第一人稱時,表示說話人認為有義務、有必要做某事。用第二、三人稱時,表示說話人的命令或要求別人做某事;在疑問句中,表示詢問對方的意圖。如:
We must love our country.
我們要愛國。
I must take a day off tomorrow.
我明天必須請一天假。
(2)must的否定式(mustn’t)表示“不應該”、“不許可”、“不準”、“禁止”等,語氣比較強烈。如:
You mustn't speak loudly in the library.
不許在圖書館大聲喧嘩。
We mustn't waste our time.
我們不應該浪費我們的時間。
[注意]
對must問句的否定回答,需要用:need not(needn’t )不必
--Must I do my home work now?
我現在必須做作業嗎?
--Yes, you must.
是的,你非做不可。
(No, you neeedn’t(need not).)
不,你可不必現在做。
(3)表示肯定的揣測(只用于肯定句):一定、準是、必定。
The lady must be a doctor.
那個女人一定是個醫生。
He hasn't come yet. He must be ill.
他還沒來,準是病了。
[注意]
1 表示現在對已發生的事情的推測,一般用“must+have+過去分詞”結構,意思是“想必是”、“(過去)一定”。如:
If you were at the party, you must have seen Mary.
你如果參加了這次聚會,準保看見了瑪麗。
2 表示對現在某個動作或即將發生的事情的推測,可以用“must be+-ing”結構,意思是“一定”、“準是”。如:
Let's hurry. They must be waiting for us.
快!他們現在一定在等我們。
You look happy. You must be having a good time.
你看起來很快樂的樣子,一定是玩得很開心。
You must be joking!
你一定是在開玩笑。
They must be playing football.
他們準是在踢足球。
6 have to 的用法
(1)表示“不得不”、“必須”的意思,與must在這個意思上很接近。Must 強調說話者的主觀看法,have to 強調客觀的需要。Must僅用于表示現在和將來的義務,講述過去,要用had to .如:
I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi.
我誤了火車,所以我得乘出租車。
I had to leave early because I wasn't feeling well.
我不得不早點兒離開,因為我覺得不舒服。
(2)have to 也可用來表示“推測”、意思是“定是”、“必定是”。如:
She has to be (=must be )sick. She looks pale.
她一定是生病了,臉色看來很蒼白。
[注意]
在口語中,可用have got to 代替have to .如:
Sorry, I have got to go (=have to go )now.
抱歉,我現在非走不可了。
7 need 的用法
(1)need表示“需要”、“必須”。作為情態動詞主要用于否定句和疑問句,無時態、人稱變化,后面跟動詞原形。其否定式為:need not (needn抰).如:
You needn抰 try to explain.
你不需要解釋。
Need we stay here this evening?
今晚我們需要在這兒住下來嗎?
[注意]
Needn't 后面跟“have+過去分詞”結構,表示“過去已做了(但)沒有必要做的事情”。如:
The question needn't have been discussed.
此問題本來不需討論的。
We needn't have bought the presents.
我們本來不需要買禮物的。
(2)need 用作及物動詞,其否定形式要借助于don抰 , doesn抰 或didn抰;疑問形式要借助于do,does或did.如:
Do you need any help?
你不需要幫助嗎?
I don't need things like that.
我不需要那樣的東西。
She needs help, doesn't she?
她需要幫忙,對嗎?
8 dare的用法
Dare作為情態動詞,主要用于否定句和疑問句,表示“敢于”,本身無變化(各人稱都用dare),后面跟不帶to 的動詞不定式,過去時用dared,其否定式為:dare not/daren't ,darend, not。 如:
How dare they do such a thing?
他們怎么敢于做出這樣的事?
I scarcely dare think of it.
這事我簡直連想都不敢想。
Not one of them dared mention this.
他們誰也不敢提這事。
Dare he say so?
他敢這樣說嗎?
She knows he was wrong but she daren't tell him.
她知道他錯了,卻不敢告訴他。
[注意]
Dare用作及物動詞的時候更多一些。這時dare后可以跟動詞不定式,用于各種結構中。
Do I dare to ask her?
我敢問她嗎?
He didn't dare to go .
他不敢去。
She did not dare to tell them the truth.
她不敢對他們說真話。
9 ought to 的用法
表示“應該”做某事,常可與shoud互換。
You ought to be punctual.
你應該守時。
Students ought not to be late for class.
學生上課不應該遲到。
Ought we to answer this question now?
我們應當現在就回答這個問題嗎?
[注意]
Ought to 后面跟“have+過去分詞”結構,表示對過去該做而未做之事的責難,后悔或遺憾的心情。如:
You ought to have helped her.
你本該幫助她的。(卻沒有幫助她)
He ought to have returned these books to the library last week.
他上星期就應該把這些書還給圖書館。(卻沒有還書)
10 shall的用法
(1)shall作為情態動詞,用于陳述句的第二、三人稱,表示說話人的強烈意愿和決心,有“允諾”、“警告”、“命令”等含義,意思是“必須”。如:
You shall come whenever you are wanted.
什么時候叫你就要什么時候到。(強制)
You shall have your book back soon.
你會很快得回你的書的。(允諾)
You shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.
我告訴你,總有一天你會后悔的。(警告)
(2)shall作為情態動詞,在疑問句中可用于第一、三人稱,表示征詢對方意見或請求,意思是“要不要”、“好不好”。如:
Shall he come to see you ?
要不要他來看你?
Shall I turn on the light?
要我開燈嗎?
11 will的用法
(1)表示“意志”“意愿”,可用于多種人稱。
He抣l help you if you ask him.
如果你請他幫忙,他是愿意幫忙的。
Will you be here at seven this Saturday?
你星期六7時到這里來好嗎?
(2)will還可用來表示一種習慣性動作或狀態,有“總是”、“慣于”等意思。
Fish will die out of water.
魚兒離開水會死去。
He will talk for hours if you give him the chance.
如果你給他機會,他會滔滔不絕地談上幾個鐘頭。
12 should的用法
(1)表示“義務或責任”,意思是“應該”。如:
I should speak and write English every day.
我應該天天說、寫英語。
We should learn from each other and help each other.
我們應該互相學習,互相幫助。
(2)表示推測、預期。如:
They should be here by now.
他們現在該到了。
Tom should know her address.
估計湯姆知道她的住址。
(3)should后面跟“have+過去分詞”結構,其肯定句,表示過去應該做而未做的事,其否定句則表示過去不該做但做了的事情。如:
He looks very tired. He should have had a good rest at home.
他看上去很累了,本應該呆在家里好好休息。
As an adult, he shouldn't have misunderstood it.
作為成人,他本來就不應該誤解這件事。
13 would 的用法
(1)would作為情態動詞will的過去式,表示過去時間的“意志”、“愿望”或“決心”等,可朦朧和于各人稱。如:
I said I would do anything for him.
我說過,我愿意為他做任何事。
He said he would get up earlier the next moring.
他說第二天早上要早點起床。
(2)would可用來表示人的意愿、個人想法;或在疑問句中用于第二人稱,表示有禮貌、較婉轉的請求。如:
Would you like to have a glass of tea?
你要喝一杯茶嗎?
Would you mind closing the door?
請關上門好嗎?
I would like to buy a silk scarf for my wife.
我想給妻子買一條絲巾。
(3)would與動詞連用,可表示過去反復發生的動作,相當于漢語中的“常常”、“總是”等意思。如:
The old retired worker would often go to the park to play chess.
這位退休老工人常常到公園去下棋。
When I was a student, I would take a walk along the country road after class.
當學生時,放學后我常常沿著鄉間小路散步。
二、 典型考題精析
1 The doctor was______Ms. Gao when her students came to see her last Sunday.(河南)
A getting on
B holding on
C coming roud
D looking over
[答案]D。評析:四個選項的短語動詞所表達的意義不同:get on 上車,和睦相處,進行下去;hold on 抓住,繼續,不掛斷電話;come round繞道而行,來訪,蘇醒;look over (醫生)檢查,從……上面看過去。由主句主語The doctor及從句 whe her students came to see her last Sunday的語境判斷,正確答案應選項D。當主句動作正在進行時,又發生了從句的動作,從句用一般過去時,主句應用過去進行時。
2 He often_________on Sunday.(四川)
Adoes a shopping
Bdoes any shopping
Cdoes some shopping
Dgo shopping
[答案]C。評析:本題主要考查do構成的短語。Do some(the)shopping意為“買東西”,相當于buy something.而go shopping意為“去購物”,D項與題干中的人稱不一致,答案為C。
3 Because there is no light in the room ,he_______be in .(重慶)
Amustn't
Bcan't
Cneedn't
D dare not
[答案]B。評析:該題考查情態動詞的用法。在表示推測時,否定句中用can抰,肯定句中用must,故答案為B.
4---_______some more people to do the work?
---Yes, I think we do.
ANeed we ask for
BDo we need to ask for
CNeed we to ask for
DDo we need ask for
[答案]B。評析:need在句首是情態動詞,不定式符號to不能用,排除C;助動詞do放在句首,說明need不是情態動詞,need后要跟帶to的動詞不定式;單看問句,填入A項無錯誤,但是答語里的代詞為do, 這說明need必須是行為動詞,正確答案為B。
5 ---May I smoke here?
---No,_________.
Ayou mustn't
Byou may not
Cyoun't better not
Dall the three answers
[答案]D。評析:由情態動詞may構成的問句,其否定式可用A、B、C中的詞語回答,故選項D。其肯定回答是Yes,you may或Yes, you must.
6 It's very dangerous outside. You_________go out.(天津)
Ahad beeter
Bhad better not
Chadn't better
Dhad better not to
[答案]D。評析:對must提出的問題,肯定回答用must,而否定回答needn抰或don抰 have to,答案為D。
7 --Must we finish the work today?
--No, you________.You may leave some to tomorrow.(山西)
A can't B mustn't
C don't D needn't
[答案]A。評析:同need一樣,dare既可用作情態動詞,也可用作實義動詞用作情態動詞。用作情態動詞時,它只有一種形式,后跟不帶to 的不定式。主要用在否定句和疑問句中; 用作實義動詞時,它有動詞的全部形式,即現在時單數第三人稱dares、現在分詞daring以及過去式和過去分詞dared,后跟帶to 的不定式,可用一切句式。答案為A。
8 He _________go there.(浙江杭州)
Adare not
Bdon't dare to
Cdares not
Ddoes not dare
[答案]B。評析:need在句首是情態動詞,不定式符號to不能用,排除C;助動詞do放在句首,說明need 不是情態動詞,need后要跟帶to 的動詞不定式;單看問句,填入A項無錯誤,但是答語里的代詞為do, 這說明need必須是行為動詞,正確答案為B。
9 _______you like to come to my party? (河南)
AShall BWould
CShould DWill
[答案]B。評析:would用來表示“請求”、“征詢意愿”,用于第二人稱的疑問句中,語氣比will更婉轉、更客氣。答案選B。
10--_______you play football with us?
--Sorry, I_______.i_______tidy my room(湖北黃岡)
AWill; won't; must
BCould; couldn't ;could
CCan; can't; have to
DMay; mayn't; must
[答案]B。評析:第一空填Can;第二空填can抰 can表示能力。第三空填have to 表示“必須”、“應該”,強調客觀的需要,答案選C。
11 When the lights are red, the traffic_________stop. Then you ________cross.
Amust;can
Bshould;should
Chave to ;must
Dcan;can
[答案]A。評析:第一空填must表示義務,意為“必須”、“應該”;第二空填can表示客觀可能性have to表主觀的“不得不”,should語氣過于委婉,也表“應該”。
12 She_________be good at both maths and English,_________she?
Amust;mustn't
Bneed; need't
Cmay not; may
Dcan't can
[答案]D。評析:can表示客觀可能性;反意疑問句的陳述部分用can抰其簡短問句部分須用can的肯定形式。答案為D.
13 _________come in please.(山東)
AWill
BDo
CWon't
DDid
[答案]B。評析:祈使句中的主語you 常被省略,肯定句謂語動詞用原形;否定式是在謂語動詞前加Don't .祈使句前可用助動詞do 來加強語氣,答案為B。
三、 專項強化精練
1 --Must I finish the exercise this afternoon?
--Yes, you_______,but you________fiish it now.[2002湖北黃岡]
Amust; mustn't
Bmust;don't have to
Cmay; needn't
Dmay; mustn't
2 She_______know the answer, but I'm not sure.[2002湖南]
A maybe B may be
C may D must
3 Class 3 won the football match!________it be true?[2002廣東]
A May B Must
C Will D Can
4 The room is big enough. It______hold 100 people.[2002廣西]
A can
B must be
C need
D have to
5 ---________I ask a question?
---Sure.But you ________wait a minute.[2002云南]
A May; must
B May; can
C Can; can
D Must;could
6 --Where is Jack, please?
--He________be in the reading room.[2002杭州]
Acan
Bneed
Cwould
Dmust
7 ---Who is the man over there? Is it Mr.Li?
---No, it________be him. MR. Li is much taller.[2003 河北]
A mustn't B may not
C can't D needn't
8 --Writ to me when you get home.
--_________.[2003 蘇州]
A I must B I should
C I can D I will
9 ---It's nearly six p. m.. Will you have supper here?
---Sorry, _____.I have many things to do.[2003昆明]
A I mustn't
B I can't
C I needn't
D I don't
10 “Must we hand in the papers now?”
“No,you__________.”[2003貴陽]
A can't
B may not
C mustn't
D needn't
11 You'd better go and ask Mr. Yang. HE_________know how to search the Internet.[2003 寧夏]
A can B may
C would D could
12--May I change the film here?
--No, you ________do that in the sunshine.[2003 江蘇南通]
A needn't
B wouldn't
C don't have to
D can't
13 --______I have your name please?
--Yes, Smith. S-M-I-T-H.[2003廣東]
A Must B May
C Will D Need
14 -- I'm sorry I didn't win the game.
--Well, that's Ok. You_______win every time.[2003 湘潭]
A mustn't B may not
C can't D shouldn't
15 You_________swim in this part of the lake. It's dangerous.[2003 武漢]
A mustn't
B needn't
C won't
答案:
1-5 B C D A A
6-10 D C D B D
11-15 C D B C A