
[中圖分類號]R782.05 [文獻標志碼] A [doi] 10.7518/gjkq.2025080
Applicationand research progressof alveolar socket dressings
HuHaikun,GuoYuxuan2,HuHongtao2,WangLiao
1.StateKeyLaboratoryofOralDiseasesamp;National CenterforStomatologyamp;National ClinicalResearchCenter for OralDiseassamp;ept.ofnanglinc,WestinaHospitaloftomatologyichanUersityngdu6 na;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOralDiseasesamp;National CenterforStomatologyamp;National ClinicalResearch Center forOralDiseasesamp;WestChnahooloftomatologyhanUniversityengdu1,hina;.tateKeybor toryofOral Diseasesamp;National Centerfor Stomatologyamp;National Clinical ResearchCenter forOral Diseasesamp;Dept. ofOralandillialgeryWettalotlogynityg Supportedby:ResearchandDevelopProgram WestChinaHospitalofStomatologySichuan University(LCYJ-2023-DL-3) Correspondence:WangLiao,Email:wangliaonew@l63.com
[Abstract]Traditional dressngs primarily involve packing materials thatprovidebasic hemostaticand wound-protectivefunctions.However,theyexhibit limitations intermsofmechanicalstrengthandbiological propertiesandparticularly in promoting tissue regeneration within thealveolar socket.With the advancementof biomaterials science,innovative alveolar socket dressngs that combine wound protection with enhanced healing capabilities have increasingly become afocal point inresearch and clinicalpractice.Theseadvancements promisetodeliveroptimalpost-operative management solutionsforalveolarsocketsincomplexoralenvironments.Notablycompositehydrogelswithintegratedhemostatic,antiinflammatoryantibacterial,anddrug-deliveryfunctionsareemergingaspromisingmaterialsforalveolarsocketdressings,potentiallyofering improved managementstrategies forpost-extractioncareandenhancing the healingoutcomesof the alveolar socket.
[Keywords] alveolar socket dressings; biomaterials; alveolar socket healing
牙槽窩愈合、牙槽骨再生是牙拔除術后管理成功與否的關鍵,直接決定了患者術后恢復質量。研究表明,牙拔除后牙槽窩愈合經歷多個階段:牙拔除后初期,血凝塊在創口內形成,起到止血和保護創面的作用;隨后,血凝塊逐漸被肉芽組織替代;在增殖期,新骨組織開始生成并不斷改建,最終形成適應局部功能的成熟骨組織。然而,由于口腔環境復雜,愈合過程可能受到諸多因素的影響,如感染、出血、血凝塊脫落等,這些問題不僅可能延緩愈合進程,還可能引發干槽癥等嚴重影響局部新骨形成的并發癥[2]。
臨床研究表明,選擇合適的敷料對促進牙槽窩愈合尤為關鍵。理想的牙槽窩敷料不僅應具備優良的止血效果,并能夠穩定血凝塊,持續保護創口,避免外部刺激并預防感染。
同時,敷料還應具有良好的生物相容性,能夠在口腔濕潤環境中保持穩定。近年來,隨著生物材料科學的發展,新型敷料不斷被研發并應用于牙槽窩管理,這些敷料在促進愈合、減少術后并發癥、提高患者舒適度等方面展現了顯著優勢。本文主要介紹目前臨床中常見的牙槽窩敷料以及其研究進展。
1牙槽窩充填類敷料
目前臨床中應用的牙槽窩充填類敷料種類繁多,根據材料的生物降解性能,可將其分為可吸收類和不可吸收類。
1.1不可吸收類
臨床常見的不可吸收類正血材料有無菌棉球、棉卷、紗條等,這類材料主要通過對牙槽窩骨壁的機械壓迫達到止血效果,完成止血后需要人工去除,其中含碘仿的紗條在處理牙槽窩出血時應用更為廣泛。……