[中圖分類號] Q254 [文獻標志碼] A [doi] 10.7518/gjkq.2025084
Immune regulation mediated by extracelllar vesicles from dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells
WangBoqun,LuHui,MuQing,ZhaoWei
Dept.ofPediatricDentistryHospitaloftomatologyGuanghuahoolofStomatologySunYat-sen UniversityGuangdongProvincialKeyLaboratoryofStomatology,Guangzhou5oo55,ChinaSupported by:NaturalScienceFoundationofGuangdongProvince(2023A1515012554);Student Innovationand Entrepreneurship Training Program of Sun Yat-sen University (20240491)Correspondence:ZhaoWei,Email:zhaowei3@mail.sysu.edu.cn
[Abstract]Extracellular vesicles (EVs)released by stem cellscarry various bioactive molecules that are essential for mediating intercellularcommunication.Compared withother tissues-derived stemcels,mesenchymal stemcels derived fromdentaltissespossveraluiqueadvantages,includingcesibilityproliferativecapacityandimmunoulatorypotential.EVssecreted bythese mesenchymal stemcelshave been shownto influenceimmunecellfunctionand modulate inflammatoryresponses within local celular and tisue environments.These immunoregulatory properties are particularlyrelevantinthecontextof inflammation-relateddiseasesresulting fromtrauma,infection,andotherpathologicalstimuli,ighlightingthepotentialoftheseEVsintissuerepairandregenerative medicine.Thisreviewfocusesonthe immunomodulatoryrolesofEVs from mesenchymal stemcellsderived from dentaltissuesand theirregulatory functions in oral and systemic inflammatory diseases.
[Key words] extracellular vesicle;dental-derived mesenchymal stem cell; immune regulation
牙源性間充質干細胞(dental-derivedmesen-chymalstemcell,DMSC)是一類從口腔組織中分離出的成體干細胞,其來源廣泛、取材便捷、自我更新與分化能力強大,在再生醫學領域中有著廣闊的應用前景。近30年來,基于細胞外囊泡(extracellularvesicle,EV)的“無細胞療法”為組織損傷的修復開辟了新領域。DMSC分泌的EV具有免疫調節能力,在創傷、感染等導致的疾病中有潛在的治療作用。與骨髓間充質干細胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell,BMMSC)等其他干細胞相比,DMSC來源的EV的免疫調節作用更強,在動物實驗中表現出更優異的治療效果[1-2]。本文擬對DMSC來源的EV在口腔及其他疾病中的免疫調節作用進行綜述,為EV在治療炎癥疾病中的臨床運用提供參考。
1DMSC及其來源的EV
2000年,Gronthos等[3從第三磨牙中提取出牙髓干細胞(dental pulp stemcell,DPSC),并證明其是一種可多向分化的間充質干細胞。此后,人脫落乳牙牙髓干細胞(stemcellsfromhumanexfo-liated teeth,SHED)[4]、牙周膜干細胞(periodon-tal ligamentstemcell,PDLSC)[5]、根尖乳頭干細胞(stem cells from apical papilla,SCAP)[]、牙囊干細胞(dental follicle stem cell,DFSC)[7]、牙齦間充質干細胞(gingival mesenchymal stem cell,GMSC)等DMSC被發現。DMSC取材自口腔組織,具有強大的增殖和多向分化的能力,還具備免疫調節的潛能,這些優點使DMSC廣泛應用于組織修復領域的研究當中。在免疫調節方面,DMSC能夠通過影響免疫細胞的增殖及分化、刺激細胞因子的分泌等方式起到治療作用。
EV是細胞釋放的一類具有脂質雙層膜結構的納米級囊泡,含有脂質、蛋白質、核酸等活性分子。根據產生途徑的不同,以往常將EV分為核內體來源的外泌體(exosomes)與質膜來源的微囊泡(microvesicle,MV)、凋亡囊泡(apoptoticvesicle,ApoV)三大亞類。而國際細胞外囊泡學會(International Society for Extracelllar Vesi-cles,ISEV)在2024年2月發布的官方指南[指出,當生物學產生途徑不夠明確時,建議使用“EV”進行描述,故本文使用“EV”一詞統一指代有關概念。……