[中圖分類號]R781[文獻標志碼]A [doi] 10.7518/gjkq.2025061
Research progress on scaffold-based prevascularization technique for dental pulp tissue
1.tomatologyAfliatedorongoliadicalUiversityHot5ona;2hol,ongoliaedical,oo59,ina
[Abstract]Inyoung permanent teethwithpulpnecrosis,currentclinical approach forpulprevascularization does noteffectivelyreconstructfunctionalpulp-like tisueand mayleadtorootcanalcalcification.Consequentlyregenerative endodontic treatmenthasgarnered widespreadatentionfromscholars.The primaryaimdentalpulptissueregeneration is torestoreactivityandfunctionalityautologousdentalpulptisse,withrapid formationafunctional vascularnetworktakenasacriticalsuccssfactor.However,rootcanalandmedullarycavitypresentrelativelynarrow,airtight,ischemic,andhypoxicenvironments,whichimpedesgrowthfunctionalvascularnetworkfromrootcanal to medullary cavity.This challenge has been addressd by researchers who proposed prevascularization technique, which involves formationa functionalvascular network withinengineredtissue toensure anadequate blood supplyto construct.This vascular network cananastomose with host vasculature,ultimately facilitating regenerationvascularizeddentalpulptissue.Thisarticlereviewspotentialcel types,growth factors,andscaffoldsourcspertinentto scafold-based prevascularization technology.Three dimension(3D)bioprinting technologyrelated toprevascularizationis discussed,andaoretical foundationforadvancements inregenerativemedicine isprovided.
[Key words]pulp tissueenginering;pulp tisse regeneration;prevascularization technique;scafold;three dimension bioprinting
牙髓組織再生是將組織工程移植物置入根管內,使牙髓功能恢復到原始狀態的技術,目的是使年輕恒牙牙根繼續正常生理發育。移植到牙髓腔內的工程組織依靠微血管來交換營養物質和氧氣,清除代謝廢物,維持一系列生理功能,所以功能性血管網絡的快速形成是牙髓組織再生的決定性因素。利用細胞歸巢或干細胞移植構建工程組織,以達到髓腔內原位血管的生成,是近年來的研究熱點。對于髓腔原位血管的生成,通常需要考慮以下3個問題。1)牙髓腔是一個缺血缺氧的環境,而且宿主血管只能通過相對狹窄的根尖孔進入牙髓腔,并以 5μm/h 的緩慢延伸速率沿根管向牙冠生長,直至長人構建體2,這不利于工程組織的存活或牙髓再生。2)在微觀尺度上,氧氣和營養物質的擴散極限直徑約為 200μm[3] ,這意味著距離毛細血管較遠的細胞會發生缺氧和凋亡。3)組織植入后的存活和血管形成過程難以監測和控制4。為了克服這些問題,預血管化技術應運而生。預血管化技術是在牙髓的工程化組織構建中,預先形成功能性血管網絡,該網絡能夠快速吻合宿主脈管系統,確保快速輸送足夠的血液供應,從而促進移植物存活;隨后將血管網絡與宿主脈管系統吻合,最終誘導血管化牙髓再生。體外預血管化技術可以改善植入后工程組織的血管化、血液灌注和整合[。Guo等的實驗研究表明:在股骨束模型中,植入高度血管化的支架比植入無血管化的支架更能促進血管的生長。……